Ôn thi THPTQG môn tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề 7: Câu điều kiện, mệnh đề ao ước và thế giả định (Conditionals, wish clauses and subjunctive mood)

 PART 7 – CONDITIONALS, WISH CLAUSES & SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 
 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
 Types If clause Main clause
 S + Vo / s / es S + will/ shall + Vo
 don’t/ doesn’t + Vo * Special cases:
 1. Future possible (be am/ is /are) - may/ can/ should (had better) + Vo
 (điều kiện cĩ thể - Imperative (Vo) 
 xảy ra ở hiện tại - Simple present (nếu diển tả sự thật)
 hoặc tương lai) Ex: If I finish my homework, I will go to the concert
 If anyone should call, please take a message.
 If you heat water, it boilds.
 S + V2-ed / didn’t + V0
 2. Present-unreal (be were/ weren’t ) S + would / could/ should/ might + Vo 
 (điều kiện khơng cĩ 
 thật ở hiện tại) Ex: If I were in your position, I could do that.
 If he had much time, he would help you.
 S + had (not) + V -ed S + would/could/ should/might + have + V -ed
 3. Past-unreal 3 3
 (điều kiện khơng cĩ 
 thật ở quá khứ) Ex: If we had studied hard last year, we would have got good marks.
 4. Mix (hỗn hợp) S + had (not) + V3-ed S + would/could/should/might + Vo
 Khi điều kiện là một 
 tình huống trong quá Ex: 
 khứ nhưng gây ra kết 
 -
 quả ở hiện tại, chúng If you hadn’t stayed up too late last night, you wouldn’t feel tired now
 ta dùng dạng điều (You stayed up too late last night, so you feel tired now)
 kiện hỗn hợp (Mệnh -If he had applied for that job last year,she wouldn’t be jobless now.
 đề điều kiện được (He didn’t apply for that job last year, so he is jobless now.)
 chia loại 3, mệnh đề 
 chính được chia theo 
 loại 2)
 NOTES :
1. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện
 Cĩ thể diển tả câu đk mà khơng cần dùng If hay Unless bằng cách đảo ngữ:
 a. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại : Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo
 If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
 Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
 b. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + (to V), S + Would + Vo
 If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
 Were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
 If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
 Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
 c. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/ed, S + Would have + V3/ed
 If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
 Had he trained hard, he would have won the match. PART 7 – CONDITIONALS, WISH CLAUSES & SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Exercise 1-Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence:
1. If the train is late, we_____ to the office.
 A) walk B) will walk C) would walk D) walks
2. She_____ if she has time.
 A) calls B) would call C) will call D) calling
3. If it_____ too much, I will buy the smaller one.
 A) costs B) will cost C) would cost D) cost
4. If the class_____ full, we will find another one.
 A) are B) will be C) were D) is
5. What will we do if the taxi_____ ?
 A) don’t come B) didn’t come C) doesn’t come D) had not come
6. If it snowed this summer, we_____ skiing.
 A) goes B) will go C) would go D) go
7. If you drove more carefully, you_____ so many accidents.
 A) would not have B) will not have C) wouldn’t have had D) has
8. If he_____ up earlier, he’d get to work on time. 
 A) gets B) will get C) got D) had got
9. I would tell you more about it if we_____ more time.
 A) has B) will have C) have D) had
10. If I_____ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
 A) am B) be C) were D) had been
11. If you_____ any money, I would give you some.
 A) hadn’t had B) haven’t had C) don’t have D) didn’t have
12. You’d earn more money if you_____ more products.
 A) to sell B) sell C) sold D) will sell
13. If I_____ so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
 A) were not B) wasn’t C) aren’t D) hadn’t been
14. If you had seen the film, you_____ it.
 A) will enjoy B) would have enjoyed C) would enjoy D) enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she_____ the opportunity.
 A) has B) will have C) had had D) had
16. If he had been more careful, he_____ an accident.
 A) would not have had B) will not have C) does not have D) would not have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there _____ any trouble.
 A) would not be B) will not be C) is not D) would not have been
18. What would you do if he_____ tomorrow?
 A) resigned B) will resign C) resigns D) to resign
19. I’ll do it if he_____ me.
 A) asking B) will ask C) asked D) asks
20. If you_____ for the car, we’d be able to sell it.
 A) look B) looks C) looked D) had looked
21. I wouldn’t have believed it if I_____ it with my own eyes.
 A) not to see B) didn’t see C) don’t see D) hadn’t seen
22. What _____ if you found a burglar in your house?
 A) will you do B) do you do C) would you do D) you do
23. If you_____ careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
 A) are not B) were not C) be not D) not be PART 7 – CONDITIONALS, WISH CLAUSES & SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
 WISH CLAUSE & SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
 (MỆNH ĐỀ AO ƯỚC & BÀNG THÁI CÁCH)
I. WISH CLAUSE (mệnh đề ao ước)
1. Ao ước ở tương lai (future wish)
 Ao ước về 1 điều cĩ thể xảy ra ở tương lai hoặc mong muốn ai đĩ thay đổi
 S + WISH + S + COULD / WOULD + V
 (=IF ONLY) 
 • Trạng từ thường đi kèm: tomorrow, next, in the future, in 2050
 Ex: I would like to be a doctor in the future. 
 I wish I could be a doctor in the future. 
 • Mong muốn ai đĩ thay đổi
 You always talk too much in class. 
 I wish you wouldn’t talk too much in class.
2. Ao ước ở hiện tại (present wish)
 Ao ước về 1 thực tế khơng cĩ thật ở hiện tại
 S + WISH + S + V2/ed (Be Were)
 (IF ONLY)
 • Trạng từ thường đi kèm: now, right now, today ...
 Ex: I am poor now. I wish I were not poor/ were rich now. 
3. Ao ước ở quá khứ (past wish)
 Ao ước, hối tiếc về về 1 thực tế đã xảy ra khơng theo ý muốn ở quá khứ
 S + WISH + S + HAD + V3-ed
 (IF ONLY) 
 • Trạng từ thường đi kèm: yesterday, ago, last, in 1990
 Ex: - I went out in the rain last night. I wish I hadn’t gone out in the rain last night.
 - I didn’t study hard for the last exam. If only I had studied harder
II.SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (bàng thái cách)
1.Clauses after AS IF/ AS THOUGH (như thể, dường như)
 S + V0/s/es + As if / As though + S + were/ V2-ed
 S + V2-ed / were + As if / As though + S + had + V3-ed
 Ex: He acts as though he were rich.
 The child ate as if he had been hungry for a long time. PART 7 – CONDITIONALS, WISH CLAUSES & SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
10. If only I ___ you wanted to invest money in business.
 A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
11. If only he ______ us the truth in the first place, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
 A. had told B. has told C. would have told D. should have told
12. I wish you ______make so much noise. I’m trying to work.
 A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
13. I wish I ______ to retake my exams.
 A. do not have B. will not have C. am about D. did not have
14.They will drink wine but I wish they______
 A. didn't B. don't C. won't D. wouldn't
15.She made lot of mistakes but I wish she______
 A. didn't B. hadn't C. wouldn't D. did
16.The spacemen felt as if he ______ in a paradise.
 A. had been B. falls C. fall D. has fallen
17.She spent money as if she always______ plenty of it.
 A. have B. had C. had had D. should have
18.She spends money as if she always______ plenty of it.
 A. has B. have C. has had D. had
19. I’d rather you_____ that window.
 A. don’t B. didn’t open C. hadn’t opened D. won’t open
20. It's high time we_____ these mice.
 A. are getting rid of B. are going to get rid of 
 C. get rid of D. got rid of
21.The director requests that all packages_____ at the central office.
 A. to mail B. be mailed C. to be mailed D. mailing
22. His friends suggest that he _____ for that post.
 A. applies B. apply C. applying D. will apply
23. It is necessary that children_____ of their old parents.
 A. to take care B. takes care C. took care D. take are
24. It is essential that the sponsor_____ the file early.
 A. make B. makes C. made D. making
25. My doctor insisted_____
 A. that I diet B. me to diet C. for me dieting D. for me to diet
Exercise 2
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A
11.A 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.D
21.B 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.A
Exercise 3- Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. Get up early or you will miss the bus.
 A. If you get up early, you will miss the bus. 
 B. If you do not get up early, you will not miss the bus.
 C. Unless you do not get up early, you will miss the bus. 
 D. Unless you get up early, you will miss the bus.