Ôn thi THPTQG môn tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề 11: Mệnh đề quan hệ, câu chẻ (Relative clauses, Cleft sentences)

 PART 11 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
 (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
*Tóm tắt về cách dùng của đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ dạng BT điền vào chỗ trống với who, whom, 
which, that, where, when, why.
 + Nhận dạng danh từ trước khoảng trống là N(người) ,N(vật), N(nơi chốn) hay N(tg)
 + Xác định từ loại đứng sau khoảng trống
 + Tìm đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ phù hợp với chức năng của nó 
 1, N(người) who /that V 
 N(người) , who V
 2, N(người) whom (who) / that S + V
 N(người) , _whom_ S + V
 N(người) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to...) whom
 3, N(vật) which /that_ S / V
 N(vật) , _which_ S / V
 N(vật) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to...) which
 4, N(người) + N(vật) 
 All , only , the first , the last , the best, the + adj-est, the most + adj that
 Someone , anybody , anything, nobody , nothing, everybody.., 
 5, N(người hoặc vật) whose N + (+ S ) + V 
 Danh từ này không có “a/an/the/her/his/their”
 (N thường gặp: father, mother, parents, children, son, daughter
 sister, brother, house, car, )
 6, N(nơi chốn) where S + V
 7. N(thời gian) when S + V where, when, why
 8. the reason why S + V không đứng trước V, không có giới từ trước hoặc sau.
 9. N(người) (whom / that) S + V có thể lược bỏ ĐTQH (whom, which, that) khi nó làm 
 10. N(vật) (which /that ) S + V túc từ , phía trước không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ, 
 phía sau phải là S
Ex: - The people who/that work hard always succeed in life.
 - Is he the first person that won the prize?
 - The stories which/that Tom tells are usually very funny.
 - Mr Pike, whose son is excellent, teaches me English at school.
 - The girl about whom we are talking is a new student.
 - We saw many soldiers and tanks that were moving to the front
 - I want to return the village where I was born.
 - I will never forget the day when she left me.
 - Do you know the reason why she was absent from class? PART 11 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 1 – Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1.An architect is someone______ deigns buildings.
 a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
2.The boy to______ I lent my money is poor.
 a. that b. whom c. who d. which
3. The land and the people______ I have met are nice.
 a. who b. whom c. that d. which
4. I can answer the question______ you day is very difficult.
 a. which b. whom c. who d. whose
5. The teacher____ house is next to mine died this morning.
 a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
6. The year______ the first man traveled in space will never be forgotten.
 a. which b. that c. when d. where
7. I cannot tell you all______ I heard.
 a. Which b. that c. as d. because
8. We saw the girl______ you say is beautiful.
 a. which b. whom c. who d. whose
9. Sunday is the day______ I go to Water park with my kinds.
 a. when b. where c. why d. which
10. Sunday is the day on______ we usually go fishing.
 a. that b.where c. when d. which
11. That was the reason______ he didn’t marry her.
 a. when b. where c. why d. which
12. This is the place______ the battle took place ten years ago.
 a. which b. in where c. where d. from where
13. The woman______ lives nest door is doctor.
 a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
14. The person______ you want to see is not her.
 a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
15. This is the last time______ I speak to you
 a. of which b. that c. who d. whose
16. He talked about the books and the authors______ interested him.
 a. who b. that c. which d. whom
17. The table____ legs are broken should be repaired.
 a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
18. The town____ we are living is noisy and crowded
 a. in where b. which c. at which d. where
19. He was loyal to____ trusted him.
 a. whomever b. whom c. whoever d. what
20. The lady____ son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
 a. who b. whom c. whose d. that
21. Take____ measures you consider best.
 a. however b. whenever c. wherever d. whatever
22.____difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
 a. how b. whatever c. however d. whenever
23. He is the only friend ____ I like.
 a. who b. that c. whom d. whose
24. My brother Jim, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor.
 a. that b. who c. whom d. which
25. Brad told me about his new job, ____ he's enjoying very much.
 a. that b. who c. whom d. which PART 11 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
 REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
 (Rút gọn MĐQH thành V-ing, V3/ed, to V)
 MĐQH thường được rút gọn theo các cách sau:
1. Participle phrases (cụm phân từ).
 Điều kiện rút gọn: đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, THAT phải ở vị trí chủ từ.
a. Present participle phrase (V-ing)
 - Dùng V-ing để rút gọn MĐQH khi động từ chính trong MĐQH ở hình thức chủ động (V0,s/es, V2/ed, 
 am/is/are/was/were + V-ing, have/has+ V3/ed, will/shall+ Vo.). 
 → bỏ who, that, which, và is, are, was, were, have,has,will,shall chuyển V chính về nguyên mẫu rồi 
 thêm -ing.
 Ex: - Do you know the boy who broke the window?
 Do you know the boy breaking the window?
 - Nếu V chính chia ở thì tiếp diễn hoặc V chính là Be: bỏ đại từ quan hệ và Be
 Ex: - The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
 The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
 - The books which are on that shelf are mine.
 The books on that shelf are mine.
b. Past participle phrase (V3-ed)
 - Dùng V3-ed để rút gọn MĐQH khi V chính trong MĐQH ở hình thức bị động (am/is/are/was/were + 
 V3/ed, have/has+ been+V3/ed) . 
 →bỏ who, that, which, và is, are, was, were, have,has 
 Ex: - I don’t like the products which are advertised on TV.
 I don’t like the products advertised on TV.
2. Infinitive phrase (cụm động từ nguyên mẫu To-V)
 MĐQH được rút gọn thành cụm To-V khi: 
 - Nó theo sau các từ the first, the second, the last, the only, the fifth + N; dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ 
 (the most + adj, the + adj-est) + N; các ĐT bất định (Someone, somebody, anybody, anything, nobody, 
 nothing, everybody) 
 The captain was the last man who left the ship.
 The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
 - Mệnh đề diễn tả mục đích, nhiệm vụ hay sự cho phép (which/that + S+ can/must/have,has to+V0).
 The children need a big yard which they can play in. 
 The children need a big yard to play in. PART 11 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 3- Choose the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
1. He told her about the book. He liked it best. 
 A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
 B. He told her about the book he liked best.
 C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
 D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.
2. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday. 
 A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
 B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
 C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory. 
 D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory. 
3. This is my opinion. You can do nothing to change it. 
 A. You can do nothing to change it my mind.
 B. There’s nothing you can do to change my mind.
 C. There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind.
 D. You can do everything to change it my mind.
4. Colin told me about his new job. He's enjoying it very much.
 A. Colin told me about his new job, which he's enjoying it very much.
 B. Colin, who is enjoying it very much, told me about his new job.
 C. Colin told me about his new job which he's enjoying very much.
 D. Colin told me about his new job, which he's enjoying very much.
5. The man is my teacher. I am grateful to him. 
 A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher.
 C. The man is my teacher who I am grateful. 
 B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher 
 D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher. 
6. Is the man your father? The man is standing at the gate. 
 A. Is the man whom is standing at the gate your father? 
 B. Is the man who standing at the gate your father?
 C. Is the man standing at the gate your father? 
 D. Is the man that stands at the gate your father? 
7. The children were attracted by cartoons. They were shown on this channel.
 A. The children attracted by cartoons were shown on this channel.
 B. The children were attracted by cartoons to have been shown on this channel.
 C. Cartoons showing on this channel attracted the children.
 D. The children were attracted by cartoons shown on this channel.
8. That is the student. I borrowed his book last week. 
 A. That is the student I borrowed whose book last week.
 C. That is the student, whose book I borrowed last week 
 B. The student whose book I borrowed that is. 
 D. That is the student whose book I borrowed last week
9. I bought these books in London.
 A. It is these books that I buy in London. C. It was these books that I bought in London. 
 B. It was these books which I bought on London. D. It was these books I bought in London. 
10. Tell me the countries. People drive on the left there.
 A. Tell me the countries which people drive on the left there. 
 B. Tell me the countries where people drive on the left. 
 C. Tell me the countries that people drive on the left there. 
 D. Tell me the countries where people drive on the left there.