Ngữ pháp và Bài tập tiếng Anh theo Chuyên đề

 LESSON 1: TENSES ( Các thì )
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: ( HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN )
 o
 Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Ex : Water boils at 100 c.
 Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry.
 Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1 ? Ex : How often do you go to school?
 *(Be):am, is, are + not ; (have):has/ have + not = do / does + not + have
 Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, sở thích, quan điểm.
  Thói quen,hoạt động hằng ngày, phong tục, tập quán.
  Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.
  Xuất xứ, quốc tịch
 Với : EVERY (day, year), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, 
RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month), all the 
time, now and then . . 
 * Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu: 
  Trước động từ thường (Ex: His wife never cooks)
  Sau động từ tobe và các trợ động từ.(Ex: I am never late for school.)
 Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít : 
 - Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z .
 - Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y i + es
 ( She studies, Tom tries, nhưng He plays . . .).
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN )
 S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now.
 S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes.
 Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing?
Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói, viết.
  2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi).
  1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)
  Hành động đang xảy ra ,sau câu mệnh lệnh ( Look Listen, Be careful, Be quiet, )
 Ex: Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. 
  1 dự định trong tương lai, 1 sắp xếp có kế hoạch, thường dùng với: go, move, come, arrive, 
leave, travel, 
 Ex: He is leaving early tomorrow morning.
Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW 
3. PRESENT PERFECT: ( HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH )
 ed
 S + has/ have + V3 Ex: I’ve just opened the door. 
 Ex: We have studied English for many years.
 ed
 S + has/ have + not + V3 Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently.
 ed
 Has/ Have + S + V3 ? Ex: How long have you studied English?
Diễn tả:  Hđộng Qk không rõ tgian.
  Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra gần đây.
  Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai.
 1 Ex: Last night I went to bed after I had done my homework.
Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk 
 ed
Với : ( trước: S+ had +V3 ; sau: S + V2) 
A / S + HAD + V3 / Ved + BEFORE + S + V2 / ed
 Ex: They had phoned me before they came here.
B / S + V2 / ED + AFTER + S + HAD + V3 / VED
 Ex: I went to school after I had had breakfast.
8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN )
 S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.
 S + will / shall + not + V1 Ex: I won’t buy it tomorrow.
 Will / Shall + S + V1? Ex: Will you buy it tomorrow?
*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t.
Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.
  Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 ?)
Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,)
9. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN )
 S + WILL BE + V-ing
+ Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai 
 Ex: We will be playing badminton at 9:00 a.m tomorrow.
Với: At this time tomorrow ( morning, afternoon, evening ), at this time next 
10. FUTURE PERFECT ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)
 ed
 S + will / shall + have + V3 
Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
 Diễn tả:  Hành động sẽ hoàn tất trong tương lai.
Với: BY THE TIME, BY THE END OF.. BY THE TIME THE YEAR 2015, 
11. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN )
 S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing 
+ To show an continuous action which at a given time will be in the past.
 ( Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai )
Ex: By the end of this school year, I will have been teaching at Chu Van An High School for 9 years.
* Notes:
 1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định
 + Dùng diễn tả 1 dự định, kế hoạch được xếp đặt trước
 Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow.
 2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn
  Be : Ex: I am a student now.
  Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize.
 3 11. The little girl asked what..to her friend.
 A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened
12. John a book when I saw him.
 A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading
13. My sister.for you since yesterday.
 A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked
14. When I last saw him, he.in London.
 A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living
15. After Ilunch, I looked for my bag.
 A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had
16. By the end of next year, GeogeEnglish for 2 years.
 A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn
17. The man got out the car,round to the back and opened the boot.
 A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
18. For several years his ambitionto be a pilot.
 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been
19. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he .dinner.
 A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. shall have finished
20. Before you asked, the letter.
 A. was written B. had been written C. had written D. has been written
21. Ask her to come and see me when she her work.
 A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing
22. Almost everyonefor home by the time we arrived.
 A. leave B. left C. eaves D. had left
23. While her husband was in the army, Janet . to him twice a week.
 A. was writing B. wrote C. was written D. had written
24. I have never played badminton before.This is the first time I..to play.
 A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying
25. Since,I have heard nothing from him.
 A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left
26. I don’t understand this sentence.What.?
 A. does mean this word B. have this word mean
 C. means this word D. does this word mean
27. John..tennis once or twice a week.
 A. usually play B. is usually playing C. usually plays D. have usually played
28. I .for Christine. Do you know where she is?
 A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks
29. At 5 o’clock yesterday evening, Imy clothes.
 A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing
30. I..along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.
 A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked
31. She ..German for two years.
 A. has learnt B. is learning C. learn D. learns
32. The earth round the sun.
 A. go B. has gone C. went D. goes
33. Look! That man..to open the door of your car.
 A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried
34. I..here at the end of the month.
 A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving
35. The children are still ill but they _____ better gradually.
 A. get B. getting C. are get D. are getting
36. I  my report when you entered the hall.
 A. made B. have been makin C. was making D. have made
37. They  the newwords yesterday from three to seven.
 5 "K" câm khi đứng trước "N": know, knife, knob.
"N" câm khi đứng sau "M": autumn, column, hymn, condemn.
"P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology,...
"W" câm: sword
"T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, ...
* Stress ( DẤU NHẤN )
_ Các từ có 2 âm tiết:
+ Trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất nếu đó là danh từ hoặc tính từ : yellow, person, patient, future 
+ Trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 nếu đó là động từ: predict, create, delay, ...
- Những từ có 3 âm tiết trở lên:
_ Những từ có đuôi là: TY, PHY, CY, SY, ATE, UTE, UDE, LOGY, OUS, AL, TUDE, ETY, ICAL, 
LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ cuối lên: comMUnicate, 
PROphecy, interNAtional, INstitute ...
_ Những từ có đuôi: TION, XION, CION, SION, IC, URE, IOUS, EOUS, CIAL, IAN, ITY, IOUR, 
IOR, ORY, UTY, có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 từ dưới lên : ecoNOmic, dePAture, PREcious, 
inforMAtion, aBIlity, eQUAlity, iDENtity, ...
_ Những từ kết thúc bằng đuôi ADE, EE, EER, ESE, OO, OON, SELF, thì trọng âm rơi vào chính nó : 
employEE, carEER, bamBOO, chiNESE, ... 
*** 
 Exercise
 The pronunciation of the endings: -s/es and -ed
Exercise 1: Choose the word whose ending ‘-s/es’ or ‘-ed’ is pronounced differently from the others’
1. A. talked B. naked C. asked D. liked
2. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
3. A. lays B. says C. stays D. plays
4. A. waited B. mended C. naked D. faced
5. A. promises B. devises C. surprises D. realises
6. A. houses B. faces C. horses D. places
7. A. naked B. sacred C. needed D. walked
8. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
9. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
10. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
11. A. naked B. beloved C. helped D. wicked
12. A. ticked B. checked C. booked D. sacred
13. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
14. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
15. A. investigates B. provides C. clothes D. paths
16. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
17. A. trays B. says C. bays D. days
18. A. kissed B. pleased C. increased D. ceased
19. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
20. A. closes B. loses C. loves D. chooses
 Stressed syllabe
 7