Chuyên đề Phép đảo ngữ (Inversion)

 Inversion : phép đảo ngữ
Đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh. Trong tiếng anh hiện tượng 
đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường xuyên được sử dụng. Trong tiếng 
anh Đảo ngữ là hình thức đem động từ đặc biệt hoặc trợ động từ ra trước chủ 
ngữ hoặc đảo ngữ nguyên động từ hoặc đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện cũng như trong 
một số trường hợp khác.
 CASSES OF INVERSION.
1. Dạng đảo ngữ thông thường : 
 Auxiliary verb + S + V ( bare- inf )
Eg : 1. Ilike this book
 = Do I like this book.
 2. I sleft well last night.
 = Did I sleep well last night
 3. He loves her.
 = Does he love her
2.Đảo ngữ sau một số trạng từ phủ định.
Little : Một ít
Nowhere : không một nơi nào
No longer : Không còn nữa
Never : Không bao giờ
Never again : Không bao giờ nữa 
Never before : Trước đây chưa từng 
Seldom : Hiếm khi
Rarely :Hiếm khi
Not for one minute : Không một phút nào
 Hardly : Hầu như không ( Hiếm khi chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dạy ).
* No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
3.Đảo ngữ với “ ONLY 
Only later : Chỉ sau này 
Only in this way : Chỉ bằng cách này
Only in that way : Chỉ bằng cách đó 
Only then+ Auxiliary verb + S+ V: Chỉ lúc đó
Eg : Only then did I understand the proplem.
( Chỉ lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra vấn đề )
Only after + N / v.ing : Chỉ sau khi
Eg : Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.
 ( Chỉ sau khi khách về hết chúng ta mới được thư giãn )
Only by + V.ing / N : Chỉ bằng
Eg : Only by practising English everyday can you speak English fluently
(Chỉ bằng cách thực hành tiếng anh hàng ngày bạn mới có thể nói tiếng anh trôi 
chảy )
Only when + clause : Chỉ tới khi
Only with + N : Chỉ với 
Only if + clause : Chỉ nếu mà 
Only in + Adverb of time / place : Chỉ bằng 
1. She will love him only when she understands him
= Only when she understands him. will She will love him.
2. We can pass the exam only by working harder.
= Only by working harder, can we pass the exam.
*CHÚ Ý : Nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ 2. 6. So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself.
7. So difficult was the exam that few students pass it.
8. So attractive is she that many boys run after her.
9. So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview. 
10. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
( Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị )
6. Đảo ngữ với “Such ...that... “
 Such + to be + n + clause
* Example :
*. It was such a boring speech that I got sleepy
= Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy.
- Such is the moment that all greats traverse
( Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao )
 - Such is the stuff of dream )
(( Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa ) 
7. Đảo ngữ với “ No sooner... than.....: Vừa mới... thì đã..
1. I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang
= No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
 No sooner + past perfect+ than+ past simple 
8.Đảo ngữ với “Not only....but also : “ : Không những ....mà còn
Not only + Auxiliary verb + S + V + but also + S + V “
* Eg = Never did he know she came from a rich family
2. Passengers aren’t permitted to open the door under / in any circumstances
= Under / In no circumstances are passengers permitted to open the door 
3. He no longer works as an accountant . he has just found another job
= No longer does he work as an accountant . he has just found another job
4. In /Under did he know she came from a rich family: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh 
nào cũng không .
 Eg : Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
5. On no account : Dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không .
 Eg : On no account must this switch be touched.
 6. In no way : Không sao có thể/ không còn cách nào
 Eg : In no way could I agree with you.
7. By no means : Hoàn toàn không.
 Eg : By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
 8. On no condition : Dï ®iÖu kiÖn nµo còng kh«ng
 Eg : On no condition shall we accept this proposal.
9. At no time : = never : Chưa từng bao giờ
 Eg : At no time did I say I would accept late homework.
 - For no reasons : Không vì bất cứ lí do gì
11. Đảo ngữ với các từ sau : SO, SUCH, AFTER , MUCH, MANY 
and ADJECTIVES. 
 Eg : 1, He read many books yesterday.
 =Many books did he read yesterday.
 2, The trees are beautiful in their colour.
 = Beautiful are the trees in their colour.
 3, The days when we lived in powerty are gone. 3. I didn’t recognize him until later
 = Not until later I recognize him
4.Not until I came home did I realize that I had lost everything 5. Not until she 
left did I know that she had been very important for me.
 14. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện: 
* Note : - ( should ) trong câu điều kiện loại 
1 - ( were 
) trong câu điềukiện loại 2 - ( had ) trong câu điềukiện 
loại 3
 Ba từ trên có thể đem ra trước chủ ngữ thay thế cho IF.
a. Điều kiện loại 1: Có thể sử dụng( should) thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả 
năng xảy ra it hơn ở tương lai.
 IF clause = Should + S + V ( bare - inf 
 Eg :1. If it rains tonight, I will stay at home.
 = Should it rain tonight, , I will stay at home
. 2. If she comes late , she will miss the train.
 = Should she come late, she will miss the train.
 3. If he lends me some money , I will buy that house.
 = Should he lend me some money , I will buy that house. 
*Note : . Điều kiện loại 1 có thể dùngthì hiện tại hoàn thành với (have done 
) Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. She had never been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed .
9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. 
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. 
Bài 1:
1. She had never been so happy before.
--> Never had she been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
--> Never have I heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
--> Never have I seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
--> Seldom has public borrowing been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. –> Hardly..
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere..
6.–> The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time.
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
–> Not until
8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.
–> Only by
Bài 2:
1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
–> So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
–> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
–> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John.
6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.