Chuyên đề Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề 25: Một số cấu trúc thông dụng

 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 25
 MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC THÔNG DỤNG
I. Một số cấu trúc thông dụng
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
 1 Khi hai mệnh đề đồng chủ ngữ, ta có thể bỏ + Diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau
 chủ ngữ của vế đầu và thay bằng: + Diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước 
 - V-ing +..., S + V + O một hành động khác xảy ra trong quá khứ
 - Having + Vp2, S + V + O + Khi câu mang nghĩa bị động
 - Vp2 +..., S+ V + 0
 2 - Have sb + V (bare) + Nhờ ai làm gì
 = get sb to + V [bare]
 - Have/get St + Vp2 + Có cái gì được làm bởi ai
 3 Pay sb compliment (n) on sth Khen ngợi ai về việc gì
 = Compliment (v)sb on sth
 4 - Out of breath + Thở không ra hơi
 - Out of date + Lạc hậu, lỗi thời
 - Out of order + Hỏng hóc
 - Out of work + Thất nghiệp
 - Out of stock + Hết, không có sẵn
 - Out of question + Không thể
 - Out of season + Trái mùa
 5 Sau số thứ tự (the first/ the second/the third... Đầu tiên/thứ hai/thứ ba/ cuối cùng...
 the last) + to V(bare) làm cái gì đó
 6 It was not until + time/time clause + that + S + Phải mãi cho tới tận khi  thì
 V (quá khứ đơn)
 (Mệnh để sau that luôn ở thể khẳng định)
 7 - In the end = finally = eventually = at last + Cuối cùng
 - At the end of + N/V-ing + Cuối của cái gì
 8 Have (no) difficulty (in) + V-ing Có (không có) khó khăn (trong việc) làm gì
 9 Decrease/increase by + ...% Giảm/tăng ...% (so với trước)
 10 Find it + adj + to V (bare) Thấy như nào để làm gì
 11 - Used to + V (bare) + Thường làm gì (trong quá khứ)
 - Tobe/get used to + V-ing + Thường làm gì (ở hiện tại)
 - Tobe used to + V (bare) + Được dung để làm gì
 = Tobe used for + V-ing
 12 Congratulate + sb + on + V-ing Chúc mừng ai vì đã làm gì 35 Postpone + V-ing Hoãn làm gì
36 - Remember + to V + Nhớ để làm gì (trong tương lai)
 - Remember + V-ing + Nhớ đã làm gì (trong quá khứ)
37 Object to + V-ing/ N Phản đối điều gì
38 Can't stand/help/bear + V-ing Không thể chịu/nhịn được
39 To be interested in = to be fond of Thích/quan tâm
 = to be keen on
40 Deny + V-ing Phủ nhận làm gì
41 Admit + V-ing Thừa nhận làm gì
42 Promise + to V Hứa làm gì
43 Refuse + to V Từ chối làm gì
44 - V (tri giác) + O + V + Khi chứng kiến từ đầu tới cuối
 - V (tri giác) + O + V-ing + Khi chứng kiến một phần của sự việc
45 Committed to something Tận tâm với cái gì
46 Lend/give somebody a hand = help sb Giúp một tay
47 - Confess that + mệnh đề Để nói "thú nhận việc gì"
 Confess (to) something 
 Confess to doing something
48 Mind + V-ing Ngại, phiền làm gì
49 Practise + V-ing Thực hành, luyện tập làm việc gì
50 S + indicate + that + S + V Chỉ ra rằng
51 Agree + to V Đồng ý làm gì
52 No matter what + S + V ~ Whatever + S + V..., Dù có ... đi chăng nữa  thì...
 a clause = No matter how + adj/adv + S + V
 ~ However + adj / adv + S + V, a clause
53 As well as + V-ing Không chỉ/ không những
54 Instead of + V-ing Thay vì làm gì đó
55 Attempt + to V = try + to V Nỗ lực, cố gắng làm gì
 = make an effort + to V
56 Lose one's (own) life in + sth/ V-ing Mất mạng/ chết khi làm gì đó
57 So + trợ động từ/ to be + S Dùng sau một phát biểu khẳng định để diễn đạt 
 sự đồng tình
58 Neither + trợ đồng từ/to be + S = S + trợ đồng Dùng sau một phát biểu phủ định để diễn tả sự 
 tự/ to be (phủ định) + either đồng tình
59 Provide sb with sth ~ provide sth for sb Cung cấp cho ai cái gì/ cung cấp cái gì Cho ai
60 Many a + N (số ít) + V (số ít) = many + N (số Nhiều II. Bài tập áp dụng
Exercise 1: Chọn phương án đúng
 1. the letter, she cried a lot because of what he had written to her.
 A. Having read B. To read C. Read D. Being read
 2. Today, the old couple has their family and friends their golden wedding anniversary.
 A. attend B. to attend C. attended D. attending
 3. The jury her compliments her excellent knowledge of the subject.
 A. returned/to B. paid/to C. returned/ on D. paid/on
 4. After running up the stairs, I was breath.
 A. away from B. without C. no D. out of
 5. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon.
 A. walking B. has walked C. to walk D. walked
 6. It was not until he took off his dark glasses I realized he was a famous film star.
 A. as B. that C. though D. since
 7. I am sure that everything will be all right .
 A. in the end B. at the end C. by the end D. for the end
 8. I’m sure you'll have no the exam.
 A. difficulty passing B. difficulties to pass C. difficulty to pass D. difficulties of passing
 9. Vietnam's rice export this year will decrease about 10%, compared with that of last year.
 A. with B. at C. by D. on
 10. I don't find it difficult to get up early in the morning.
 A. It's difficult for me to get up early in the morning.
 B. I'm used to getting up early in the morning.
 C. I hate getting up early in the morning.
 D. I used to get up early in the morning.
 11. John congratulated us our exam with high marks.
 A. on passing B. for passing C. to pass D. on pass
 12. I assume that you are acquainted this subject since you are responsible writing 
 accompanying materials.
 A. to/for B. with/for C. to/to D. with/with
 13. The old woman accused the boy the window.
 A. in breaking B. on breaking C. at breaking D. of breaking
 14. In order to make the house more beautiful and newer, the Browns had it yesterday.
 A. to be repainted B. repaint C. repainted D. to repaint
 15. I love films but I seldom find time to go to the cinema.
 A. seeing B. see C. saw D. seen
 16. We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us the bus.
 A. come up B. go into C. take off D. get on
 17. Kevin put a fence so that people didn't walk on his garden.
 A. Kevin put a fence because he wants to remind people to walk on his garden. 13. I remember him tomorrow. It will be a big sum of money I've been saving so far.
 A. paying B. to pay C. paid D. to be paid
14. The bed-ridden old man objected as a burden on his family.
 A. to being regarded B. at his being regarded
 C. with his regarding D. for regarding
15. Her mother can't stand her at home all day.
 A. seeing B. see C. seen D. to see
16. My little brother is very collecting sea shells.
 A. interested of B. keen in C. fond on D. interested in
17. Tom denied part in the fighting at school.
 A. to take B. take C. to taking D. taking
18. "I haven't been very open-minded," said the manager.
 A. The manager promised to be very open-minded.
 B. The manager admitted not having been very open-minded.
 C. The manager denied having been very open-minded.
 D. The manager refused to have been very open-minded.
19. The president offered his congratulations to the players when they won the cup.
A. The president congratulated the players on their winning the match.
B. When they won the cup, the players had been offered some congratulations from the president,
C. The president would offered the players congratulations if they won the match.
D. The president congratulated that the players had won the cup.
20. The child that we caught was made to stand in the corner of the classroom.
 A. misbehavior B. misbehave C. behaving D. misbehaving
Exercise 3: Chọn phương án đúng
1. The shop assistant is ready to me a helping hand. She is very nice.
A. take B. lend C. offer D. get
2. Young people have become increasingly committed social activities.
 A. of B. in c. to D. at
3. The suspect confessed .
 A. the police his crime B. his crime
 C. his crime the police D. his crime to the police
4. She to the station every day but then she suddenly decided to walk instead.
 A. used to B. was used to C had used to D. didn't used to
5. There has been an announcement from the Principal that the students will not hear the bell 
this week as it has broken.
 A. ring B. ringing C. rang D. rung
6. Don't use the milk I bought last month. It's date now.
 A. out of B. in for c. into D. over
7. I don't mind much homework.
 A. did B. to do C. do D. doing
8. My student practises English with her friends every day.
 A. speaking B. to speak C. spoke D. speak
9. Studies indicate collecting art today than ever before.
 A. more people that are B. there are that more people
 C. that there are more people D. people there are more
10. Edith Harlow has kindly agreed . You should ask him.
 A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping
11. , he tried his father didn't let him run the company.
 A. Although hard B. No matter what C. However hard D. Whatever hard
12. As well as in an office he used to have a part-time as a waiter.
 A. having worked B. working C. to have worked D. to work