Chuyên đề Liên từ (Conjunctions) - Nguyễn Thị Tú Anh

 LIÊN TỪ - CONJUNCTIONS
 GV: Nguyễn Thị Tú Anh
A. LÍ THUYẾT
I. Định nghĩa và phân loại liên từ
Liên từ là từ vựng sử dụng để liên kết hai từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề hoặc câu lại với nhau. Liên từ được chia thành ba loại:
Cách sử dụng của 1 số liên từ
 STT LIÊN TỪ CÁCH DÙNG VÍ DỤ
 1 AND Thêm, bổ sung thông tin (và) She is rich and famous.
 (Cô ấy giàu có và nổi tiếng.)
 2 NOR Bổ sung thêm một ý phủ định I don't want to call him nor intend to apologize 
 vào một ý phủ định được nêu to him.
 trước đó. (Tôi không muốn gọi cho anh ấy cũng không 
 (cũng không) có ý định xin lỗi anh ta.)
 3 BUT Diễn tả sự đối lập, ngược She is beautiful but arrogant.
 nghĩa (Cô ấy xinh đẹp nhưng kiêu ngạo.)
 (nhưng, nhưng mà)
 4 OR Nêu thêm sự lựa chọn Hurry up or else you will miss the last bus. 
 = OR ELSE (hoặc là, hay là) (Nhanh lên hoặc là bạn sẽ nhỡ chuyến xe buýt 
 = OTHERWISE cuối cùng.)
 5 YET Đưa ra một ý ngược lại so với They are ugly and expensive, yet people buy 
 ý trước đó them.
 (vậy mà, thế mà) (Chúng xấu và đắt, vậy mà mọi người vẫn 
 mua.)
 6 SO Nêu kết quả của hành động (vì + He was ill, so he didn't go to school 
 (THEREFORE = vậy, do đó, do vậy) yesterday.
 THUS (Anh ấy bị ốm nên hôm qua anh ấy không tới 
 = HENCE trường.)
 =CONSEQUENTLY + The car in the front stopped so suddenly. 
 = AS A RESULT) Therefore, the accident happened.
 (Chiếc ô tô đằng trước dừng quá đột ngột, vì 
 vậy vụ tai nạn đã xảy ra.)
 7 RATHER THAN Diễn tả lựa chọn I think you should choose to become a teacher 
 (hơn là) rather than a doctor.
 (Tôi nghĩ bạn nên chọn trở thành giáo viên 
 hơn là bác sĩ.)
 8 WHETHER... OR Diễn tả sự thay thế I don't know whether he will come or not.
 (hay là) (Tôi không biết là anh ấy sẽ đến hay không.)
 9 AS ... AS So sánh ngang/không ngang + She is as tall as me.
 SO ... AS bằng (bằng/không... bằng) (Cô ấy cao bằng tôi)
 + She isn't as/so tall as me. 
 (Cô ấy không cao bằng tôi.)
 10 BARELY ... WHEN Diễn tả quan hệ thời gian Hardly had he gone to bed when the telephone 
 HARDLY ... WHEN (ngay khi ... thì, vừa mới ... rang.
 SCARCELY... thì) (Ngay khi anh ấy đi ngủ thì điện thoại kêu.)
 WHEN 
 NO SOONER 
 ...THAN
 11 AFTER Diễn tả hành động xảy ra sau After he had finished his work, he went out for 
 một hành động khác (sau khi) a drink.
 (Ngay khi anh ấy xong việc, anh ấy ra ngoài 
 uống nước.)
 12 BEFORE Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước He had finished his work before he went out 
 một hành động khác for a drink.
 (trước khi) (Anh ấy đã xong việc trước khi anh ấy ra 
 ngoài uống nước.)
 13 AS SOON AS Chỉ một hành động xảy ra liền As soon as she went home, she had a bath.
 ngay sau một hành động khác (Ngay khi cò ấy về nhà, cô ấy đi tắm.)
 (ngay khi)
 14 JUST AS Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra He left the meeting just as we arrived. (Anh ta 
 gần như cùng thời điểm (ngay rời khỏi cuộc họp vừa lúc chúng tôi tới đó.) instead.
 (Chúng tôi đã không đi du lịch. Thay vào đó, 
 chúng tôi ở nhà.)
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Chọn phương án đúng
1. _________ of the committee, I'd like to thank you for your generous donation.
 A. Instead B. On behalf C. According D. In spite
2. _________, I decided to stop trading with them.
 A. Despite of the fact that they were the biggest dealer
 B. Though being the biggest dealer
 C. Being the biggest dealer
 D. Even though they were the biggest dealer
3. I think it's _________ to take a few more pictures.
 A. enough lightB. lightly enoughC. light enough D. enough as light
4. _________ I heard the phone ring, I didn't answer it.
 A. becauseB. Only ifC. Even though D. Provided that
5. Determining the mineral content of soil samples is an exacting process; _________, experts must perform detail 
tests to analyze soil specimens.
 A. thereforeB. afterwardC. so that D. however
6. Businesses will not survive _________ they satisfy their customers.
A. or else B. in caseC. unlessD. if
7. This investigation is not only one that is continuing and worldwide _________ we expect to continue for quite 
some time.
 A. but one also thatB. but one that also
 C. but also one thatD. but that also one
8. A few natural elements exist in _________ that they are rarely seen in their natural environments.
 A. such small quantitiesB. so small quantities
 C. very small quantitiesD. small quantity
9. He decided to quit the job _________ the high salary he got.
 A. althoughB. in spite
 C. despiteD. much as
10. I will stand here and wait for you _________ you come back.
 A. becauseB. thoughC. so D. until
11. My sister won't go to the party tonight and _________.
 A. so will IB. I will too
 C. neither will ID. I will neither
12. When he came to the counter of pay he found that he had _________ cash _________ his credit card
with him.
 A. either/orB. neither/norC. both/and D. not/neither
13. _________ we understand his reasons, we cannot accept his behaviour.
 A. As ifB. What ifC. Even if D. Only if
14. _________ his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly.
 A. BecauseB. Even thoughC. Because of D. In spite of
15. Neither the students nor their lecturer _________ English in the classroom.
 A. have usedB. useC. are using D. uses
Exercise 2: Chọn phương án thích hợp với câu ban đầu
1. I didn't want to disturb the meeting. I left without saying goodbye.
 A. Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye.
 B. I disturbed the meeting because I said goodbye.
 C. I would rather disturb the meeting than leaving without saying goodbye.
 D. The meeting was disturbed as I left saying goodbye.
2. Having spent all his money, Daniel couldn't afford a new watch.
 A. As Daniel had bought a new watch, he spent all his money.
 B. Daniel didn't buy a new watch although he had a lot of money.
 C. Because he had spent all the money, Daniel couldn't afford a new watch.
 D. Daniel couldn't get a new watch because he didn't have much money.
3. She doesn't want to go to their party. We don't want to go either.
 A. Either we or she wants to go to their party.
 B. Neither we nor she want to go to their party.
 C. Neither we nor she wants to go to their party. A. Despite her getting up early to prepare breakfast, her children cannot come to school on time.
 B. Because she wanted her children to come to school on time, she gets up early to prepare breakfast.
 C. If she does not get up early to prepare breakfast, her children will not come to school on time.
 D. Unless she gets up early to prepare breakfast, her children will not come to school on.
16. I whispered as I didn't want anybody to hear our conversation.
 A. So as not to hear our conversation I whispered.
 B. Since nobody wanted to hear our conversation I whispered.
 C. Because I whispered, nobody heard our conversation.
 D. I lowered my voice in order that our conversation couldn't be heard.
17. Though he tried hard, he didn't succeed.
 A. However he tried hard, he didn't succeed.
 B. However hard he tried, he didn't succeed.
 C. However he didn't succeed hard, he tried hard.
 D. However he tried hard, but he didn't succeed.