Chuyên đề Câu điều kiện - Ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT

 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN )
 Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (if clause). 
Muốn nhấn mạnh mệnh đề nào ta dặt nó ở đầu câu.
 Có 3 loại câu điều kiện cơ bản sau:
1.Future possible (tương lai có thể xãy ra) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại I
*.Form: ((công thức)
 If -clause Main clause
 Simple present Simple future
 If + S + V / V (-s/es) , S + will / shall + V
*Chú í: - Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng can, may, must thay cho will, shall
 -Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dung dạng mệnh lệnh.
*Ví dụ nè: If you learn hard, you will pass any examination
 Lan can speak English fluently if she practices every day
 Come to visit me if you have spare time.
2.Present unreal (hiện tại không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại II
* Form: ((công thức)
 If -clause Main clause
 Simple past Future in past
 If + S + V-2 / V-ed , S + would + V
 (were cho tất cả các ngôi )
 Chú í: - có thể dùng might, could thay cho would
VD: I would tell you the answer if I knew it myself
If she had time, she could go to the movie now.
( trên thực tế, hiện giờ cô ta bận và cô ta không đi được)
 • Khi dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 này, ta phải hiểu ý trái lại.
3.Past unreal (quá khứ không thật) còn gọi là câu điều kiện loại III
* Form: ((công thức)
 If -clause Main clause
 Past perfect Future in past
 If + S + had + V-3 / V-ed , S + would have + V-3 / V-
 ed
 Chú í: - có thể dùng might, could thay cho would tùy theo nghĩa của câu
VD: I vould have spoken to Nam if I had seen him yesterday.
 ( trên thực tế, hôm qua tôi tôi không thấy Nam và đã không có nói chuyện)
 If he had tried hard last time, he could have succeeded
 ( trên thực tế, lần qua anh ta không cố gắng và không thành công)
 • Khi dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 này, ta phải hiểu ý trái lại.
 • Xem kĩ nhé: unless = if.. not
 Unless you finish your homework, I will punish you. A. am B. would C. will D. was
 17. You should stay home if it .
 A. rain B. rained C. rains D. raining
 18. You’ll burn yourself if you aren’t .
 A. good B. careful C. kind D. working hard 
 19. If anybody question, please ask me after class.
 A. have B. have the C. has D. has a
 20. If I somebody else, I’d like to be the teacher.
 A. must be B. could be C. would be D. became
 21. If people stop using dynamite for fishing, a lot of sea creatures . 
 A. will be well preserve B. will be well preserving
 C. will preserve D. will be well preserved
 22. Liz would come to see you if she your address.
 A. has B. having C. have D. had
 23.If we hard, we’ll make this beach a clean and beautiful place again.
 A. will work B. worked C. have worked D. work
 *24.“ It’s beginning to rain .”
 “ , we won’t be able to finish the ball game “
 A. Unless it stops B. Should it stop C. If it stops D. If it didn’t stop
 *25. Yoko comes in half an hour, I will go alone.
 A. If B. Because C. When D. Unless
 26. “ My boss made me work overtime again .”
 “ If I were you, I my job”
 A. quit B. would quit C. will quit D. must quit
 27. If I were you, I not do that .
 A. would B. will C. may D. should
 28. If the weather fine, we will go on a camping trip.
 A. be B. is C. was D. will 
 29. If I the day-off tomorrow, I would go on a trip to the mountains.
 A. can have B. will have C. have D. had
 30. We’ll get by train if we leave now.
 A. there fast enough B. fast enough there
 C. there enough fast D. enough fast there 
II.Each sentence has a mistake.Identify it by choosing A,B,C or D.
 1.If you feel unwell , you shouldn’t stay in bed .
 A B C D
 2.We will get lost if we take a map.
 A B C D
 3.If the little girl knew how to do it , her mother will be pleased.
 ABCD
 4. There is no water in the house . If there is , we could cook for dinner .
 ABCD
 5. He doesn’t like chocolate. If he does, he wouldn’t leave them all over the kitchen.
 ABCD
 6. If there will be too much exhaust fume in the air, our breathing will be badly affected.
 A B C D
 7. If we would have a large garden , we would plant a lot of flowers in it.
 ABCD
 8. If you won’t study hard , you’ll fail the exam. C.How old she is , I will marry her 
 D. How she is old, Iwill marry her
 5. They didn’t follow the map , so they got lost .
 If .
 A. They didn’t follow the map , they wouldn’t get lost 
 B. They followed the map , they wouldn’t get lost 
 C. They hadn’t followed the map , they wouldn’t have got lost 
 D. They had followed the map , they wouldn’t have got lost
 6. Unless he phone her immediately , he won’t get information.
 If .
 A. He doesn’t phone her immediately , he won’t get information
 B. He phones her immediately , he won’t get any information
 C. He doesn’t phone her immediately , he will get any information
 D. He doesn’t phone her immediately , he gets any information
 7. The children will go swimming if it is sunny .
 A. It isn’t rainy, the children will go swimming.
 B. It is rainy, the children will go swimming.
 C. It is sunny, the children will go swimming.
 D. It is rainy, the children won’t go swimming.
 8. If motorists were to drive carefully, they would have fewer accidents.
 A. Motorists are not careful and there are many accidents.
 B. Motorists are careful and yet there are many accidents.
 C. Motorists are not careful and yet there are few accidents.
 D. Motorists are care ful and there are few accidents.
 9. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
 A. If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold.
 B. If Mary had wore the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold.
 C. If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold.
 D. If Mary has worn the raincoat, she won’t have got a cold.
 10. I didn’t listen to him, and I didn’t succeed.
 A. If I listened to him, I would succeed.
 B. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.
 C. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.
 D. If I had listened to him, I would have succeeded.
11. I lost my key, so I had to wait in the snow.
 A. If I hadn’t lost my key, I wouldn’t have had to wait in the snow.
 B. If I didn’t lose my key, I wouldn’t have to wait in the snow.
 C. If I hadn’t lost my key, I wouldn’t have to wait in the snow.
 D. If I didn’t lose my key, I wouldn’t have had to wait in the snow.
 12. The picnic was cancelled because it rained.
 A. If it didn’t rain, the picnic wouldn’t be cancelled.
 B. If it hadn’t rained, the picnic wouldn’t have been cancelled.
 C. If it didn’t rain, the picnic wouldn’t have been cancelled.
 D. If it hadn’t rained, the picnic wouldn’t be cancelled.
 13. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
 A. If Susan ate four cream cakes, she would feel sick.
 B. If Susan eats four cream cakes so she feels sick.
 C. If Susan hadn’t eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn’t feel sick.