Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG - Chuyên đề 6: Word formations - Tiếng Anh THPT

 PART 6: WORD FORMATIONS
THEORY
1. Ví trí, chức năng và dấu hiệu nhận biết từ loại
 DANH TỪ(NOUN)
 Vị trí của danh từ trong câu.
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (đầu cầu, đầu mệnh đề) Maths is the subject I like best
2.Sau tính từ (good, beautiful..), She is a good teacher.
 Sau tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, her,..). His father works in hospital.
 Cụm danh từ: a/ an the + (adv) + adj + N.
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ I like English.
 We are students. 
4. Sau "enough" (enough +N) He didn't have enough money to buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ (a, an, the) She is a teacher.
 Đại từ chỉ định (this, that, these, those); This book is an interesting book.
 Lượng từ (each, no, any, a few, a little,..) I have a little money to go to the movie.
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, at... Thanh is good at literature.
 Dấu hiệu nhận biết danh từ
-ion (distribution), -ment (development), -er (teacher) , -or (actor), -ant (accountant), -age 
(marriage), -ship (friendship), -sm (enthusiasm), -ity (ability), -ness (happiness), -dom 
(freedom), -ist (terrorist), -ian (physician), -hood (childhood), -ance (importance), -ence 
(dependence), -ety (society), -ty (honesty) 
 TÍNH TỪ(ADJECTIVE)
 Vị trí của tính từ trong câu
1. Trước danh từ: (a/an/the) + (adv) + adj + N My Tam is a famous singer.
2. Sau động từ liên kết: be/ seem/ appear/ Tom seems tired now
feel/ taste/ look/ keep/get/ keep/ make (sb) + The homework keeps me busy all the time
adj
3. Sau "too": S+ be/ seem/look..+ too +adj.. Coffee seems too hot for me to drink.
4. Trước “enough": S + be + adj + enough.. She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc: so + adj + that The weather was so bad that we decided to 
 stay
 at home
6. Dùng dưới các dạng so sánh Meat is more expensive than fish.
7. Dùng trong câu cảm thán: How intelligent she is!
 How + adj +S+V! What a beautiful girl!
 What + (a/an) + adj +N!
 Dấu hiệu nhận biết tính từ
-ful (helpful), -less (homeless), -ly (friendly), -al (national), -ble (acceptable), -ive (active), -ous 
(famous), -ish (selfish), -y (foggy), -like (childlike), -ic (scientific), -ed (bored), -ing 
(interesting), -ary (necessary), -ant (important), -ent (different)
 TRẠNG TỪ
 Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu
1. Trước động từ thường giữa trợ động từ They seldom get up early in the morning.
và động từ thường (đặc biệt là các trạng từ I have recently finished my homework. 6. It does not become an economic ________ but it does become a ‘newly industrialized 
country’, like Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea. (power)
economic superpower: siêu cường kinh tế
7. We believe that the most effective enforcement tool is self-policing and ________ (strain). 
self-restraint: tự kìm chế
8. It is possible to humanely raise and slaughter a variety of food animals, including ________ 
poultry and beef cattle. (range)
free-range: nuôi tự nhiên
9. Most of this feature includes behind-the-scenes video ________ of the crew working and 
goofing off. (foot)
footage: cảnh phim
10. Together they forged a(n) ________ intellectual climate that has profoundly shaped my 
career. (vigor)
invigorating: tiếp thêm sinh lực
11. We will investigate the tradeoffs among data ________, data hiding capacity, and 
probabilities of extraction errors in different applications. (perceive)
imperceptibility: không thể thấy
12. This is a(n) ________ thriller that promises to deliver. (page)
page – turning: thú vị
13. Death, from this perspective, seems unproblematically universal, a simple, irreducible fact of 
our nature, ________ the same across all societies and throughout time (yield)
unyieldingly: không thay đổi
14. Of course there is a(n) ________ between such advantages of large cells and the 
disadvantages of slower cell multiplication. (trade)
trade – off : sự kết hợp, đan xen
15. Today we look at claims that in Queensland, the regime that looks after the most vulnerable 
people, the infirm elderly, and ________ adults, is failing. (capacity). 
incapacitated: bị làm mất sức lao động
16. Scholars have tried to make a case for ________, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate 
human trait. (acquire)
acquisitiveness: sự thu lợi
17. The judge ruled that Newman's comments were not a(n) ________offense. (act)
actionable: có thể kiện
18. She was a very selfish, ________ bad-tempered little girl. (agree)
disagreeable: khó chịu
19. Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical ________ 
(antique). 
antiquity: đồ cổ: 
20. He claims that the laws are ________ and have no contemporary relevance. (antique)
antiquated: không hợp thời
21. I fretted and sweated as they stalked in and stared around with that ________, accusatory 
look of all cops everywhere. (approve)
disapproving: tỏ ý không tán thành
22. A good teacher can encourage ________creativity. (art)
artistic: nghệ thuật
23. She's ________ and knows how to get round her parents. (art) 44. An agreement on the ________ of a new government was reached on June 6. (form)
formation: sự thành lập
45. There are people who want to ________ you and grind you down. (humble)
humiliate: làm bẽ mặt
46. The discussions reached a new level of ________ and by lunchtime the exchanges were 
becoming very heated. (intense)
intensity: sự dữ dội, mãnh liệt
47. ________ and specialization in agriculture, especially in the vineyards, gave rise to 
commercial exchange and opportunity for profit and saving. (intense)
Intensification: Sự đẩy mạnh
48. Areas near the frontier were rough and ________ in the old days. (law)
lawless: vô trật tự
49. It is ________ for a teacher to inflict corporal punishment on pupils. (law)
unlawful: trái pháp luật
50. The relation of politics and economy is a ________ of historical gradual progress. (master)
masterstroke: kì công
51. A builder from South London, McAvoy was the ________ of the robbery (master)
mastermind: người vạch kế hoạch
52. Photographs and ________ that cover the walls and fill several display cases chronicle the 
foods this area is famous for. (memory)
memorabilia: những việc đáng ghi nhớ, vật kỉ niệm
53. The three countries have signed a(n) ________ pledging to work together. (memory)
memorandum: bản ghi nhớ
54. Olympic gold medalist Ekaterina Gordeeva is writing a(n) ________ about her life with 
Sergei Grinkov, her late husband and figure-skating partner.(memory)
memoir: nhật kí
55. Her first defeat was an early lesson in ________ (humble). 
humility: sự khiêm tốn
56. They cannot forget the ________ they suffered at the hands of their oppressors. (humble). 
humiliation: sự bẽ mặt
57. Sales have slowed down quite ________ (mark). 
markedly: rõ rệt
58. To the untrained eye, the two flowers look ________ similar. (mark)
remarkably: đáng chú ý, nổi bật
59. Always check the ________ before you buy a secondhand car (mile)
mileage: đồng hồ đo quãng đường di chuyển
60. The invention of the wheel was a(n) ________ in the history of the world. (mile)
milestone: cột mốc quan trọng
61. One ________ lapse in concentration could prove fatal. (moment)
momentary: chốc lát, nhất thời
62. It was in Glasgow, however, that many ________ events were taking place. (moment)
momentous: quan trọng
63. Guy was greedy, ________, obsessed with power and self-gratification. (moral)
amoral: không theo nguyên tắc
64. Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and ________ (moral)
immoral: vô đạo đức futuristic: hiện đại
82. The new policy only serves to ________ the inadequacy of help for the homeless. (accent) 
accentuate: nhấn mạnh
83. Successful candidates will be required to ________ an induction programme. (take) 
undertake: đảm nhận
84. Radio 4 also announced a new ________ of Primo Levi’s short story collection The Periodic 
Table, starring Henry Goodman and introduced by Janet Suzman, to be broadcast in 12 episodes 
of varying lengths this spring. (drama) 
dramatisation: sự chuyển thành kịch
85. In the UK, the ratio of people of working age to people over 65 could fall from 3.7 to 1 in 
1999 to 2.1 to 1 in 2040. This suggests a very big increase in the ________ ratio and is 
consequently a cause for concern because with current spending pension commitments, it will 
place a higher burden on the shrinking working population. (depend) 
dependency ratio: tỷ lệ phụ thuộc
86. The UK government has already made tentative steps to raise the retirement age and increase 
the role of private sector pensions. These policies will make an ageing population more 
________ (manage). 
manageable: dễ quản lí
87. Ian Darkin of One Traveller, which specialises in offering holidays for mature single 
travellers, says: “The new generation of ________ (retire) aren’t sitting at home knitting. Their 
keenness to experience other countries and cultures is ________ (diminish) with age.” 
retirees – undiminished: người nghỉ hưu-không giảm bớt
88. The UN Security Council unanimously adopted a(n) ________ calling for a halt to hostilities. 
(solve) 
resolution: sự kiên quyết
89. Environmental degradation is ________ (character) as any change or aggravation to nature’s 
turf seen to be pernicious or ________ (desire). 
characterized – undesirable: có đặc điểm-gây khó chịu, không mong muốn
90. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction describes environmental 
degradation as the ________ of the limit of the earth to meet social and environmental 
destinations, and needs (less). 
lessening: sự giảm đi
91. Humans have destroyed a tenth of Earth’s remaining ________ in the last 25 years and there 
may be none left within a century if trends continue, according to an authoritative new study. 
(wild) 
wilderness: vùng hoang dã
92. Technology has been lauded as a way to free up time for us, yet the reality of an all-
consuming medium often does the reverse. New innovations bring with them a host of ________ 
consequences, ranging from the troubling to the downright depressing. Social media makes us 
lonely. Too much screen-time makes teenagers fall behind their peers. And at the more feeble 
end of the spectrum, many of us have walked into an obstacle while texting. (intend) 
unintended: không được dự tính trước
93. Zombies are archetypal monsters from the bottom of the uncanny valley, with their dead eyes 
and ________ faces (express). 
expressionless: không biểu cảm
94. The terrible scenes were indelibly ________ on his mind (print).