Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG - Chuyên đề 19: Mệnh đề quan hệ - Tiếng Anh THPT

 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
 ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
 Thay cho danh từ Thay cho danh từ chỉ Thay cho tính từ sở 
 chỉ người vật, sự vật, sự việc hữu trước danh từ
 WHOM WHICH WHOSE
 (làm tân ngữ (làm chủ ngữ hoặc (luôn đi kèm với 
 cho động từ tân ngữ cho động từ một danh từ)
 đứng sau nó) đứng sau nó)
 WHO
 (làm chủ ngữ hoặc 
 Không dùng “that” sau 
 tân ngữ cho động dấu phẩy và sau giới từ
 từ đứng sau nó)
 THAT
 (thay thế cho Bắt buộc dùng “that” sau 
 danh từ chỉ cả những danh từ chỉ cả 
 người lẫn vật) người lẫn vật, sau đại từ 
 bất định, sau tính từ so 
 sánh nhất 
II. TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
 chỉ nơi chốn WHERE
 in/at/on + which
 = when/where
 WHEN
 TRẠNG TỪ chỉ thời gian
 QUAN HỆ
 for which
 WHY
 chỉ lý do = why IV. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Complete each sentence using "who, which, that, whom, whose, where, when, why".
Question 1: Is there a particular sequence in______you have to perform these tasks?
Question 2: The other people______live in the house are really friendly.
Question 3: They have two grown children, both of______live abroad.
Question 4: The woman______bike was stolen went to the police station.
Question 5: Tom travelled to a mountain______is near the mountainous and remote town.
Question 6: I met a man with______I used to work.
Question 7: What is the name of the boy______lent Lisa the money?
Question 8: Cohen,______short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.
Question 9: The house______was completed in 1856 was famous for its huge marble staircase.
Question 10: Anyone______is interested in the job must apply before next Monday.
Question 11: One of the boys kept laughing,______annoyed Jane intensely
Question 12: Do you know the people______live over the road?
Question 13: She had three lovers, none of______knew about the others.
Question 14: Alison Jones and her husband David,______live in Hartlepool, are celebrating their 
golden wedding anniversary.
Question 15: I saw her and her dog______were walking in the park this morning.
Question 16: Jurors,______identities will be kept secret, will be paid $40 a day.
Question 17: Did you see the letter______came today?
Question 18: The author______you criticized in your review has written a reply.
Question 19: The Kingfisher group,______name was changed from Woolworths earlier this year, 
includes about 720 high street shops.
Question 20: He was very contemptuous of'popular' writers,______he described as having no talent.
Question 21: We're having a small drink party for one of our colleagues,______is leaving next week.
Question 22: Tell me the reason______you were absent from class yesterday.
Question 23: She lived in Rome for a couple of years,______she taught English.
Question 24: Bradford,______Bren comes from, has a lot of good curry restaurants.
Question 25: That is the place______we visited last year.
Question 26: This is the school assembly______all pupils are expected to attend.
Question 27: The Wimbledon men’s final was the best game of tennis______I’ve ever seen.
Question 28: She blamed herself for everything______had happened.
Question 29: I know a restaurant______the food is excellent.
Question 30: There isn’t a day______I don’t feel rushed off my feet.
Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences as required.
Question 1: My brother has a pen friend. He has been writing to him for 20 years.
(whom) =>__________________________________________________
Question 2: Sydney is the largest Australian city. It is not the capital of Australia.
(reducing the relative clauses) =>__________________________________________________
Question 3: John works with that other chap. I can’t remember his name. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom
Question 11: The Kingfisher group,______name was changed from Woolworths earlier this year, 
includes about 720 high street shops.
A. whomB. whoseC. which D. that
Question 12: We don’t know the person______donated this money.
A. thatB. whomC. whose D. who
Question 13: We drove past my old school, ______ is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year.
A. whereB. whomC. whose D. which
Question 14: He was the first director of the National Science Foundation, and he funded science 
research with an annual budget______grew to 500 million dollars.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. why
Question 15: Modem office buildings have false floors, under______computer and phone wires can 
be laid.
A. why B. where C. which D. whom
Question 16: Super Star's video tapes have all been packed up, waiting for the day______he finds a 
new location.
A. whoseB. whyC. when D. where
Question 17: The name originated from the days______this house belonged to the local policeman.
A. whenB. whyC. which D. whom
Question 18: The hall______you’re giving your talk has a really good sound system.
A. whomB. whose C. where D. which
Question 19: Jackson is the most good-looking boy______to this school.
A. to comeB. coming C. has come D. comes
Question 20: We stood on the bridge______the two small towns of the London.
A. connectedB. was connecting C. connecting D. connects
Question 21: The woman______in the hall expected to make a phone call.
A. waitingB. was waiting C. had been waiting D. waited
Question 22: Khrushchev may have been perspicacious enough to imagine the day______his turn 
would come and he would become Special Pensioner Khrushchev.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
Question 23: The conference______by non-governmental organizations was about globalization.
A. plans B. planning C. planned D. is planning
Question 24: Peter is the youngest person to______part in the race.
A. takeB. taken C. takesD. taking
Question 25: The books______by William Shakespeare are interesting.
A. writesB. writing C. writtenD. wrote
Question 26: He was the only person to______there at the time.
A. have been livingB. live C. have lived D. living
Question 27: The term track and field refers to athletic events______include foot races and jumping 
and throwing events.
A. of which B. that C. in which D. where
Question 28: That was the week______we booked our holiday.
A. why B. when C. where D. which
Question 29: The citrus fruit______has been exposed to cool temperatures during maturation is 
sweeter and more tender than those that have not.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
Question 30: There are times______I wonder why I do this job.
A. when B. where C. why D. which Exercise 1: Complete each sentence using "who, which, that, whom, whose, where, when, why".
Question 1: Is there a particular sequence in ____________ you have to perform these tasks?
Giải thích: giới từ chỉ có thể đứng trước “which” nếu chỉ vật hoặc “whom” nếu chỉ người. Căn cứ vào 
danh từ “sequence - trình tự/chuỗi” là danh từ chỉ vật. 
=> Đáp án: which
Dịch: Có một trình tự cụ thể nào mà bạn phải thực hiện các nhiệm vụ này không?
Question 2: The other people ____________ live in the house are really friendly.
Giải thích: Ta cần một đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho people (danh từ chỉ người) làm chủ ngữ của câu
=> Đáp án: who
Dịch: Những người khác sống trong nhà đều rất thân thiện.
Question 3: They have two grown children, both of ____________ live abroad.
Giải thích: Giới từ chỉ có thể đứng trước “which” nếu chỉ vật và “whom” nếu chỉ người.
=> Đáp án: whom
Dịch: Họ có hai người con đều đã trưởng thành, cả hai đều sống ở nước ngoài.
Question 4: The woman ____________ bike was stolen went to the police station.
Giải thích: whose đứng giữa hai danh từ để chỉ mối quan hệ sở hữu, căn cứ vào ’’woman" và “bike” 
đều là danh từ nên ta dùng whose đứng giữa chúng.
=> Đáp án: whose
Dịch: Người phụ nữ có chiếc xe đạp bị đánh cắp đã tới đồn cảnh sát.
Question 5: Tom travelled to a mountain ____________ is near the mountainous and remote town.
Giải thích: which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật
*Căn cứ vào “mountain-ngọn núi” là danh từ chỉ vật nên ta dùng which/that, đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ 
cho mệnh đề quan hệ phía sau. Vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định nên hoàn toàn có thể dùng “that” 
thay thế “which” được.
*Lưu ý không thể dùng “where” - đại từ chỉ nơi chốn, vì đại từ chỉ nơi chốn không có chức năng làm 
động từ của câu.
=> Đáp án: which/that
Dịch: Tom đã đi du lịch đến một ngọn núi gần thị trấn xa xôi và hẻo lánh ấy.
Question 6: I met a man with ____________ I used to work.
Giải thích: giới từ chỉ có thể đứng trước “which” nếu chỉ vật và “whom” nếu chỉ người.
=> Đáp án: whom
Dịch: Tôi đã gặp người đàn ông người mà tôi từng làm việc cùng.
Question 7: What is the name of the boy ____________ lent Lisa the money?
Giải thích: who là đại từ quan hệ dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người. Căn cứ vào danh từ “the boy 
- cậu bé” chỉ người.
=> Đáp án: who/that
Dịch: Tên của cậu bé đã cho Lisa mượn tiền là gì?
Question 8: Cohen, ____________ short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie.