Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG - Chuyên đề 14: Câu chủ động, bị động - Tiếng Anh THPT

 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG – BỊ ĐỘNG
A. FORM
 PHÂN BIỆT NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ
 Ngoại động từ (Transitive Verb) Nội động từ (Intransitive Verb)
 ▪ Ngoại động từ diễn tả hành động tác động ▪ Nội động từ diễn tả hành động dừng lại 
 trực tiếp lên người hoặc vật, nó luôn được với người nói hay người thực hiện nó. Nội 
 theo sau bởi một tân ngữ. Nếu thiếu tân ngữ, 
 câu sẽ không hoàn chỉnh. động từ không cần có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi 
 kèm theo. Nếu có tân ngữ thì phải có giới 
 ▪ Ví dụ: He bought a bunch of flowers.
 từ đi trước; tân ngữ này được gọi là tân 
 (Anh ta mua một bó hoa.) ngữ của giới từ (prepositional object), 
 không phải là tân ngữ trực tiếp.
 ▪ Ví dụ: He has just left. (Anh ta vừa đi rồi.)
 We were at home last night. (Chúng tôi ở 
 nhà tối qua.)
Ngoại động từ có dạng: Nội động từ có dạng:
 S + V + O  S + V + 
 CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Chủ động: S + V(chủ động) + O
Bị động: S + V(bị động) + by + S
 O (đứng ở cuối câu bị động hoặc đứng trước 
 trạng từ thời gian)
 Bắt buộc bỏ “by people/ by someone/ by somebody/ by no one/ by nobody” 
Note:
 Có thể bỏ “by me/ by you/ by them/ by us/ by him/ by her” house.
 Câu chủ động: S + V + O + V-ing He was seen passing 
 my house.
 Câu bị động: S + be + Vp2 + V -ing
 Câu chủ động: S + make + O + V(bare) The teacher made us do 
 all the homework.
 MAKE We were made to do all 
 Câu bị động: S + be + made + to + V(bare)
 the homework by the 
 teacher.
 Câu chủ động: S + let + O + V(bare) My parents don't let us go 
 out at night.
 LET We are not allowed/ 
 Câu bđ: S + be + allowed/permitted + to+ V(bare) permitted to go out at 
 night.
Động từ theo Cấu trúc 1: S + V + to V + O They began to plant 
sau là “to V” Câu chủ động: S + V + to V + O rubber trees long ago.
 Rubber trees began to 
 be planted long ago.
 Câu bị động: S + V + to be + V(p2)
 He expected his family to 
 Cấu trúc 2: S + V + O1 + to V + O2
 pick him up at the airport.
 Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau:
 He expected to be 
 Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ to V + O2 picked up at the airport by 
 his family.
 He expected someone to 
 Câu bị động: S + V + to be + V(p2) + by O1 repair his computer.
 Nếu S ≠ O2 thì ta có công thức sau: He expected his 
 Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ to V + O2 computer to be repaired.
 Câu bđ: S + V + O2 + to be +V(p2) + by O1
 Nếu S = O2 thì ta có công thức sau: He likes people speaking 
 Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ V-ing + O2 well of him.
 He likes being spoken 
 well of.
Động từ theo Câu bị động: S + V + being + V(p2) + by O1 He hates non-professional 
sau là “V-ing” Nếu S ≠ O2 thì ta có công thức sau: people criticizing his 
 work.
 Câu chủ động: S + V + O1+ V-ing + O2
 He hates his work 
 being criticized by non-
 Câu bđ: S + V + O2 + being + V(p2) + by O1 professional people.
 Thể nhờ bảo Dạng chủ động: S + have + sb + V(bare) The painter finished my B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb given in each following blank.
Question 1: The problem already (discuss)______by the board of directors when it was proposed 
again.
Question 2: The building (build)______on waste land near the town since 2017 by contractors.
Question 3: Billions of dollars (spend)______on cancer research by the government last year.
Question 4: References (not use)______in the exam rooms.
Question 5: Ted (bite)______by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
Question 6: The meeting (hold)______in this hall tomorrow.
Question 7: This house and these cars (paint)______for Christmas tonight by the Greens.
Question 8: I suggested the room (decorate)______before your mother’s birthday.
Question 9: There (say)______a number of reasons for the falloff of the Roman Empire.
Question 10: When the old school friends met, a lot of happy memories (bring)______back.
Question 11: The bank is reported in the local newspaper (rob)______in broad daylight yesterday.
Question 12: The company’s travel budget (reduce)______substantially for the last two years.
Question 13: Understandably, her friends (surprise) ______when Julia married someone else after 
being engaged to John for two years.
Question 14: He currently (consider)______to be the best British athlete.
Question 15: The facsimile (send)______when the secretary returns from lunch.
Question 16: By the time I came here, all the better jobs (take)______.
Question 17: I don’t remember (tell)______of the decision to change the company policy on 
vacations.
Question 18: It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver (injure) ______in the 
crash.
Question 19: A buried treasure (believe)______to have been hidden in the tomb.
Question 20: The third team had the mission successfully (complete)______before the set time 
limit.
Question 21: Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to (be)______ destroyed.
Question 22: Public buildings throughout the country will soon (implement)______a no-smoking 
policy.
Question 23: According to a new policy, overnight camping in all national parks no longer 
(permit)______.
Question 24: The first question must (answer)______before you attempt the others.
Question 25: The products damaged during shipment or packaging should 
(replace)______immediately.
Question 26: I was bom and grew up in the house (destroy)______in an earthquake 10 years ago.
Question 27: Because of a mechanical problem, the replacement parts could not (ship)______by 
tomorrow. (Hoặc => He____________________________________________________ )
Question 12: They believe that all children are bom with equal intelligence.
=> It____________________________________________________
(Hoac => Children _______________________________________________)
Question 13: My parents made me change my minds but I didn’t.
=> I ____________________________________________________
Question 14: She made me tell the truth.
=> I ____________________________________________________
Question 15: Why didn’t you report the accident sooner?
=> Why wasn’t____________________________________________________
Question 16: Mary let us use her car yesterday.
=> We were____________________________________________________
Question 17: I could hear someone crying in the next room.
=> Someone ____________________________________________________
Question 18: I watched people walking past.
=> People
Question 19: Jack saw the car drive up outside the police station.
=> The car____________________________________________________
Question 20: We overheard them say that they didn't really like the food.
=> They were ____________________________________________________
Question 21: I expect you to find your money somewhere in your bedroom.
=> I expect ____________________________________________________
Question 22: We want people to obey traffic rules.
=> We want____________________________________________________
Question 23: She wishes her husband to compliment her on her new dress.
=> She____________________________________________________
Question 24: She wished her parents to allow her to go camping with her classmates.
=> She wished___________________________________________________
Question 25: Do you want me to take you to the airport?
=> Do you want __________________________________________________
Question 26: Jane has just begun learning English for 2 weeks.
=> English____________________________________________________
Question 27: People continue to use Facebook as a main way of socializing.
=> Facebook____________________________________________________
Question 28: I don’t like the children making fun of this cat.
=> I don’t like __________________________________________________
Question 29: I hate people calling me through FaceTime.
=> I hate____________________________________________________
Question 30: Famous film stars are often afraid that people can recognize them in public places.
=> Famous film stars are often afraid of________________________________