Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG - Chuyên đề 12: Danh động từ And to infinitive - Tiếng Anh THPT

 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ AND TO INFINITIVE
A. THEORY
I. GERUND (danh động từ)
 Chức năng của danh động 
 từ
 Làm chủ Làm tân Làm bổ Làm ngữ Làm 
 ngữ ngữ ngữ động vị danh từ 
 ghép
II. PRESENT PARTICIPLE (phân từ hiện tại)
 Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn
 Thay cho một mệnh đề: Mệnh đề độc lập trong câu 
 ghép, Mệnh đề phụ trong câu, Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ 
 thời gian, Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do
 Chức năng 
 Dùng như một tính từ
 của phân từ 
 hiện tại
 Cấu trúc: There + be + Noun + present participle
 Cấu trúc câu: S + sit / stand / lie / come / run (cụm 
 từ chỉ nơi chốn) + present participle
 Sau một số động từ tri giác (see, hear, smell, feel, 
 taste, overhear), catch, find, spend, waste
NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI “Ving”
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
 1 Admit doing st thú nhận làm gì
 2 Appreciate doing st cảm kích làm gì
 3 Avoid doing st tránh làm gì
 4 Be busy doing st bận làm gì
 5 Be worth doing st đáng làm gì Chức năng của động từ 
 nguyên mẫu có “to”
 Làm chủ Làm tân Làm bổ Trong 
 ngữ ngữ ngữ các cấu 
 trúc
III. BARE INFINITIVE VERB (động từ nguyên mẫu không “to”)
 Dùng sau các trợ động từ tình thái (model verbs)
 Chức năng của 
 động từ nguyên Sau các động từ: let, make, help, see, hear, feel, 
 mẫu không watch, notice + TÂN NGỮ
 “to”
 Sau các cụm động từ: had better, would rather, 
 had sooner và sau why hoặc why not
Những động từ theo sau bởi “to V”
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
 1 Afford to do st có đủ khả năng làm gì
 2 Agree to do st đồng ý làm gì
 3 Arrange to do st sắp xếp làm gì
 4 Appear to do st hóa ra là
 5 Ask to do st yêu cầu làm gì
 6 Attempt to do st nỗ lực làm gì
 7 Care to do st quan tâm làm gì
 8 Choose to do st chọn làm gì
 9 Claim to do st thú nhận làm gì
 10 Decide to do st quyết định làm gì
 11 Demand to do st yêu cầu làm gì
 12 Deserve to do st xứng đáng làm gì
 13 Expect to do st mong muốn làm gì
 14 Fail to do st thất bại làm gì
 15 Happen to do st tình cờ làm gì
 16 Hesitate to do st ngập ngừng làm gì 56 Order sb to do st ra lệnh cho ai làm gì
 57 Prefer sb to do st muốn ai đó làm gì hơn
 58 Persuade sb to do st thuyết phục ai làm gì
 59 Remind sb to do st nhắc nhở ai làm gì
 60 Request sb to do st đòi hỏi ai làm gì
 61 Warn sb not to do st cảnh báo ai không làm gì
 62 Teach sb to do st dạy ai làm gì
 63 Urge sb to do st hối thúc ai làm gì
 64 Tempt sb to do st xúi giục ai làm gì
 65 Want sb to do st muốn ai đó làm gì
 66 To/in order to/so as to + V để làm gì (chỉ mục đích)
 67 It takes sb + time + to V ai đó tốn bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì
 68 Be about to V = be going to V chuẩn bị làm gì
 69 How/when/where/what/who/whether+ To V
 70 Find it adj + to V thấy cái gì như thế nào để làm gì
 The first/second/ third/..../last/ only đầu tiên/thứ hai/thứ ba,..../cuối cùng/duy 
 71
 + to V nhất làm gì
Những động từ theo sau bởi cả “to V”, “V-ing” hoặc “V(bare)”
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
 1 Try to do st cố gắng làm gì
 Try doing st thử làm gì
 2 Remember to do st nhớ phải làm gì
 Remember doing st nhớ đã làm gì
 3 Forget to do st quên phải làm gì
 Forget doing st quên đã làm gì
 4 Advise sb to do st khuyên ai đó làm gì
 Advise doing st khuyên làm gì
 5 Allow/permit sb to do st cho phép ai đó làm gì
 Allow/permit doing st cho phép làm gì
 6 Recommend sb to do st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị ai đó làm gì
 Recommend doing st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị làm gì
 7 Encourage sb to do st khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
 Encourage doing st khuyến khích làm gì
 8 Mean to do st dự định làm gì
 Mean doing st có nghĩa là
 9 Regret to do st rất lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì
 Regret doing st hối tiếc vì đã làm gì
 10 Go on to do st tiếp tục làm điều gì sau khi hoàn tất một 
 công việc Question 28: Men will have to get used to (think) of women as equals, and not just as 
housewives or pretty faces.
Question 29: You must remember (buy) some sugar. We haven’t got any now.
Exercise 6: Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences.
Question 1: As far as orchids are concerned, the most experienced person is undoubtedly Miss Ito. 
She appears ________ all the relevant articles in special journals.
 A. she has readB. having read C. to have readD. reading
Question 2: Their worst mistake was to have promised every worker ________ their wages.
 A. to have doubledB. to doubleC. doublingD. the doubling
Question 3: If I knew how ________ frankly to me about their personal problems, I wouldn’t need 
a psychologist.
 A. to get all those distrustful teenagers speakB. to make all those distrustful teenagers to 
speak
 C. to get all those distrustful teenagers to speak D. best force all those distrustful teenagers 
to speak
Question 4: He felt rather embarrassed at his daughter’s willingness ________ in a topless 
costume.
 A. to be photographed B. for being photographed
 C. to photograph her D. on being photographed
Question 5: The timing of his suggestion was extremely bad, as at that time the college board was 
considering ________ the full cost of the course.
 A. getting even the poorer students payB. to get even the poorer students to pay
 C. getting even the poorer students to pay D. to get even the poorer students paying
Question 6: What is the point ________ yet another language one year before leaving the school?
 A. of getting some of them take B. to get some of them take
 C. to get some of them to be taking D. of getting some of them to take
Question 7: The fact of ________ in the grim years of World War II has left deep traces on her 
character.
 A. having brought up B. having been brought up
 C. bringing upD. having to bring up
Question 8: What will you do if they don’t agree ________? There is no way we can force them.
 A. to have their luggage searchedB. on having their luggage searched
 C. to having searched their luggage D. to have searched their luggage
Question 9: Damien risked ________ when he failed ________ at the traffic lights.
 A. to be arrested – stopping B. to arrest – to be stopped
 C. having been arrested – stoppedD. being arrested – to stop
Question 10: Duncan only pretended ________ sorry for ________ his neighbor’s window.
 A. having been – to be smashedB. to be – having smashed
 C. being – smashing D. to have been – being smashed
Question 11: Knowing Irene as I do, I was certain she would protest about ________ for the defeat.
 A. holding her responsibility B. having held responsibility
 C. being held responsible D. holding responsible
Question 12: Most of us found the Mayor’s idea ________ their own candidates for royal honors a 
little awkward; but he was right, of course.
 A. of having the local people to nominateB. of having the local people nominate
 C. of getting the local people nominate D. to let the local people for nominating
Question 13: They are not buying any coal because they expect ________ in their home by the end 
of September.
 A. having gas heating installedB. having gas heating to be installed
 C. to have installed gas heating D. to have gas heating installed Question 28: The vast majority of the population of the US was opposed ________ the Second 
World War, even after the fall of France.
 A. being enteredB. to enterC. to enteringD. to be entered
Question 29: It’s important ________ in advance whether you need ________ a visa for whichever 
country you are going to.
 A. to be checked – getting B. checked – to be getting
 C. checking – having gotD. to check – to get
Question 30: Yvonne’s intention was ________ the house before you returned, so she was stunned 
________ that you were at the front door.
 A. to be cleaned – being toldB. to clean – to be told
 C. cleaning – tellingD. to have cleaned – having told
Question 31: ________ by bus can be very slow, so many people prefer ________ about by metro 
if there is one on the same route.
 A. To travel – to have gone B. Travel – having gone
 C. Travelling – to goD. Having travelled – gone
Question 32: Ian pretended ________ his homework, but actually he had been concentrating on 
________ to level 3 on his computer game King Kong.
 A. to have been doing – getting B. having done – to get
 C. to be doing – having gotD. doing – to be getting
Question 33: I know that Rupert dislikes ________ so I was sorry ________ that he had been 
kidnapped by three masked gunmen in a helicopter.
 A. to fly – to be heard B. flying – to hear
 C. having flown – hearing D. to be flown – having heard
Question 34: Instead of wasting so much time trying to locate the fault, I would have ________ it 
for me.
 A. ordered a mechanic do B. had a mechanic to do
 C. made a mechanic to doD. had a mechanic do
Question 35: We all understand that the main purpose of the show should be ________ good about 
their contribution.
 A. to make all those taking part feelB. to make all those taking part feeling
 C. making that all those taking part will feel D. making all those taking part to feel
Question 36: It has been claimed that ________ in icy water, as done in Russia and Finland, can 
help the body ________ off illness.
 A. to swim – being fought B. to have swum – to be fighting
 C. swimming – fightD. having swum – fighting
Question 37: Nobody really understands why the military government of Myanmar has decided 
________ the capital of the country from Rangoon to a new site far inland.
 A. being movedB. to moveC. movingD. having moved
Question 38: Until 1965, the southern states of the US didn’t let the vast majority of black people 
_______.
 A. voteB. to voteC. to have votedD. voting
Question 39: ________ for many years to live in a highly polluted environment, the people around 
the Aral Sea now appear ________ the highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world.
 A. To be forced – havingB. Having forced – to have had
 C. Forcing – having hadD. Having been forced – to have
Question 40: Simon would rather ________ archaeology than literature, as he thinks it would be 
interesting ________ the remains of the Phrygian cities.
 A. to have studied – uncovering B. be studying – to uncover
 C. to be studied – for uncoveringD. having studied – in uncovering
Question 41: One of the Japanese government’s major concerns is ________ a decline in the 
national population, so they are trying to encourage more couples ________ children.
 A. to prevent – to haveB. being prevented – having