Bài giảng Chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chủ đề: The passive

 CONTENTS
10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
10-2 Form of the passive
10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs
10-4 Using the by-phrase
10-5 Passive modal auxiliaries
10-6 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
10-7 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
10-8 Get + adjective; get + past participle
10-9 Using be used/accustomed to and get 
10-10 Used to vs. be used to
10-11 Using be supposed to
 1 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
 same
 meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
 carpenter.
 3 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Cars are driven by people. 
 5 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
 People drive cars.
 Cars are driven by people.
SIMPLE PAST
 The new job thrilled Tim.
 Tim was thrilled by the new job.
 7 10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT
 Al has printed the photo.
 The photo has been printed by Al.
FUTURE
 Talya will make the announcement.
 The announcement will be made by Talya.
 9 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
ACTIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
PASSIVE
The wall was painted by
Matthew.
 11 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
 Erica sneezed.
 13 10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
TRANSITIVE VERBS
(g) ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
(h) PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(i) ACTIVE: Birds fly.
(j) PASSIVE: (Not possible)
(k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
 15 10-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 transitive
 intransitive ?
 Eva won a medal.
PASSIVE: _______________________A medal was won by Eva. 
 17 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting 
was done by 
 my mother.
 19 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
 usually NO by-phrase
 21 10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
 ACTIVE
 Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
 PASSIVE
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
 23 10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
 Tina taught me how to knit.
PASSIVE
 I was taught to knit by Tina.
 25 10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL PASSIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
 FORM: modal + be + past participle
 27 10-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
ACTIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
PASSIVE MODALS
Babies _____________________.should not be fed candy
 29 10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
 (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.
 31 10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
 (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
 past particular
 participle + prepositions + object 
 33 10-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
 happy 
Alma is __________happy with her new laptop.
 35 10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
 Emma makes pottery. 
I am interested in making pottery.
 37 10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
 past participle passive meaning
 present participle cause of feeling
 39 10-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
 surprised
 surprising 
Gail Gwen
 Gwen’s news must be __________.surprising
 Gail looks very __________.surprised
 41 10-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
 terrified
Some bugs are scary. terrifying 
This spider is ________!terrifying
I wonder if it is ________terrified of anything?
 43 10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
 GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
 GET ADJECTIVE
 change, beginning to be
 45 10-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 get + sleep 
He ___________got sleepy while he was working.
 47 10-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 get + cold 
 It ________got cold early this year.
 49 10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
 USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
 same meaning
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
 51 10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
 USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have 
 never lived in this city before, but I am 
 getting used to (accustomed to) it.
 beginning to feel normal
 53 10-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
 be used to
 (affirmative or negative) 
I’m confused. I _____________am not used to this new 
computer.
 55 10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
 He used to eat meat, but 
 now he is a vegetarian.
 57 10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
 be used to + -ing form of verb
 (gerund)
 59 10-10 LET’S PRACTICE 
 be
 Ø
 I _____Ø used to like skiing, but
 now I prefer snowboarding.
 61 10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
 You were supposed to 
 clean out the garage 
 this morning.
 63 10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave 
 in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
 an expectation
 65 10-11 LET’S PRACTICE 
 be supposed to
I expect to get email today .
I ______________am supposed to get email today.
 67 10-11 LET’S PRACTICE 
 be supposed to
I expected you to You ______were 
call me at noon! ___________supposed to
 call me at 
 noon!
 69