Bài giảng Chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chủ đề: Nouns and Pronouns

 CONTENTS
6-1 Plural forms of nouns
6-2 Pronunciation of final –s/-es
6-3 Subjects, verbs, and objects
6-4 Objects of prepositions
6-5 Prepositions of time
6-6 Word order: place and time
6-7 Subject – verb agreement
6-8 Using adjectives to describe nouns
6-9 Using nouns as adjectives
6-10 Personal pronouns: subjects and objects
6-11 Possessive nouns
6-12 Possessive pronouns and adjectives
6-13 Reflexive pronouns
6-14 Singular forms of other: another vs. the other
6-15 Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s)
6-16 Summary of forms of other 1 6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 
 SINGULAR PLURAL
(a) one dream two dreams
 one boat two boats
 one shoe two shoes
 most plural nouns
 add –s
 3 6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 
 SINGULAR PLURAL
(c) one story two stories
 one party two parties
 endings: consonant + –y
 –y –i and add –es
 5 6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 
 SINGULAR PLURAL
(e) one life two lives
 one elf two elves
 endings: –fe Exceptions:or –f 
 beliefs, chiefs, 
 –fe or –f –ves
 roofs, cuffs, cliffs
 7 6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 
 SINGULAR PLURAL
(g) one child two children
 one goose two geese
 one tooth two teeth
 irregular plural forms
 9 6-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 
 SINGULAR PLURAL
(i) one bacterium two bacteria
 one cactus two cacti
 one crisis two crises
 one phenomenon two phenomena
 foreign plurals
 11 6-1 LET’S PRACTICE 
 one ape many apes____
 13 6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 
 cats = cat/z/ 
 15 6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 
(a) eats = eat/s/
 taps = tap/s/
 bikes = bike/s/
 /s/ as in “bus”
 voiceless sounds
 examples: /t/, /p/, /k/
 17 6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 
(b) reads = read/z/
 jars = jar/z/
 tolls = toll/z/
 paws = paw/z/
 /z/ as in “buzz”
 voiced sounds
examples: /d/, /r/, /l/, /m/, /b/, all vowel sounds
 19 6-2 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 
(c) wishes = wish/ә z/
 catches = catches/ә z/
 glasses = glass/ә z/
 sizes = size/ә z/
 wages = wage/ә z/
 judges = judge/ә z/
 / ә z/ adds a syllable
 -s/-es pronounced / z/ after
 –sh, –ch, –s, –z, –ge / –dge sounds
 21 6-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
 a. /s/
 e
 b. /z/
watches = watch___/ z/ e
 c. / z/ 
 23 6-3 SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS
 The boys are happy.
 25 6-3 SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS
 VERB
(a) Birds fly.
 noun verb
 A sentence has
 SUBJECT and VERB.
(b) Fish swim.
 noun verb
 27 6-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Jenna studies Italian.
 ? ? ?
 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
 29 6-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Horses love apples.
 ? ? ?
 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
 31 6-4 OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
(a) Lenny wrote a book about dolphins. 
 subject verb object prep. object
 of prep.
(b) The snow fell on the trees. 
 subject verb object prep. object
 of prep.
 Prepositional Phrase = 
 PREPOSITION + OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
 33 6-4 LET’S PRACTICE 
 They are wearing hats on their heads.
subject verb object prep. object
 of prep.
 35 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
She has a piano lesson at 4:30 
 on Tuesdays.
 37 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
IN
 (c) We start school in September.
 (d) My son was born in 1975.
 (e) We are in the twenty-first century.
 (f) The leaves are beautiful in the fall.
 a month
 a year
 in + 
 a century
 a season
 39 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
AT
 (j) We usually have lunch at noon.
 (k) She has an appointment at 3:15.
 (l) I’m using the computer at the moment.
 at + noon, night, midnight 
 at + “clock time” 
 at + present, the moment,
 the present time
 41 6-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
 in
 on
I will graduate __in 2012. at
I hope to get a good job __in the future.
I have an interview on__ June 8 __at 3:00.
 43 6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
 S V PLACE TIME
(a) Alba went to Rome in October. 
 place time
 Alba went in October to Rome.
 45 6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
 TIME S V PLACE
(c) In October, Alba went to Rome. 
(d) Last week, she went to the park. 
 time expression , sentence
 47 6-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Create a sentence.
Moscow to we moved Last spring
 Last spring we moved to Moscow.
 49 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
The history of the pyramids 
 is very interesting.
 51 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
 SINGULAR SINGULAR
(c) Our teacher comes from Madrid.
 PLURAL PLURAL
(d) Our teacher and her son come from Madrid.
 subject + and + subject plural verb
 53 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
 v s
(g) There is a star in the sky.
 v s
(h) There are many stars in the sky.
 There + be + subject something in a 
 place
 verb agrees with noun that follows be
 55 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
(k) People in Honduras speak Spanish.
 People a plural noun
 takes a plural 
 verb
 57 6-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
 subject ? verb
 Everybody like dancing.
 yes
 ____no
 correct ? no 
 59 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
 The young man is a 
 talented musician.
 61 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
(b) The small child is sitting in a large chair.
(c) The colorful sunset makes a lovely picture.
(d) The baby elephants stay near the adult
 elephants. 
 adjectives “modify” nouns
 63 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
(f) Marcela has a blue car. 
 Marcela has a car blue.
(g) Orchids are expensive.
(h) Her hair is red.
 adjectives + nouns
 main verb + adjectives
 be
 65 6-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Find the Adjective(s)
The long movie bored my impatient friend.
 67 6-9 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
 I use a computer mouse.
 69 6-9 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
(a) Kids love water slides.
(b) The night market has fruits and vegetables.
 71 6-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
Nouns ? He is writing a report about his research.
 73 6-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
Nouns ? We use computers in the lab.
 75 6-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Nouns ?
 He is a clown in the circus.
 77 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND 
 OBJECTS
 Gina is running fast.
 She is late for work.
 79 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND 
 OBJECTS
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS: I we you he, she, it they
OBJECT PRONOUNS: me us you him, her, it them
 (c) Marcela has a new blue car. It is nice.
 new blue car it
 81 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND 
 OBJECTS
(d) Ahmid and I are teachers. 
(e) Mary also works with Ahmid and me.
(f) Mary oftenAhmid has lunch and me with are Ahmid teachers. and me.
 pronounMary part worksof subject with Ahmid subject and I. pronoun
 pronoun part of object object pronoun
 83