Bài giảng Chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chủ đề: Noun clauses

 CONTENTS
14-1 Noun clauses: introduction
14-2 Noun clauses that begin with a question word
14-3 Noun clauses that begin with if or whether
14-4 Noun clauses that begin with that
14-5 Other uses of that-clauses
14-6 Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational ...
14-7 Quoted speech
14-8 Quoted speech vs. reported speech
14-9 Verb forms in quoted speech
14-10 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply
 1 14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
 s v o
(a) We know her parents.
 (noun phrase)
 • group of related words
 phrase
 • no subject & verb
 s v o
(b) We know where her parents live.
 (noun clause)
 • group of related words
 clause • has a subject & verb
 3 14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
(d) We know where her parents live.
 (noun clause)
(e) I wonder if they will visit us.
 (noun clause)
(f) I think that they will try to come soon.
 (noun clause)
 • question word
 noun clauses 
 can begin with • if or whether
 • that
 5 14-1 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Hi. I remember 
 when we met. phrase
 clause
 noun _______clause
 7 14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION
 WORD
 INFORMATION QUESTION
Where does she work ? NOUN CLAUSE
 (a) I wonder where she works.
When did he call? 
 (b) Do you know when he called?
What did they do? 
 (c) Please tell me what they did.
Why is she sad? 
 (d) I don’t know why she is sad.
 INCORRECT:usual wordI orderdon’t know why noun is she clause sad.
 9 14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION
 WORD
 QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
 s v s v
Who is out there ? (g) Tell me who is out there.
 s v s v
Whose dog is in here? (h) Tell me whose dog is 
 in here.
 prepositional main verb
 phrase + be
 11 14-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
 When was the bridge built?
Do you know when_____________________? the bridge was built
 13 14-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Whose house is that?
 I wonder whose_________________. house that is
 15 14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR
 WHETHER
 YES/NO QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
(a) Is Alice friendly? (b) I wonder if Alice is friendly.
(c) Does Al dance? (d) Do you know if Al dances?
(e) Did class end early? (f) I wonder if class ended early.
 yes/no questions noun clause
 if introduces the clause
 17 14-3 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR
 WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
(h) I don’t know whether class ended early or not.
 if = whether
 19 14-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 Will we go to the Gaudi Museum again?
 NOUN CLAUSE:
 Do you know _______________________if we will go to the Gaudi 
______________Museum again?
 21 14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
 I was sad when I found 
out that my friend was ill.
 23 14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
(e) I know that you are a good friend.
 (f) I know Ø you aresame a good friend.
 meaning
 that often omitted
 especially in speaking
 25 14-4 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT OR INCORRECT ?
I hope you can come to dinner tomorrow.
 27 14-5 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
(a) I’m certain that you will like this class.
(b) I’m happy that you joined us.
(c) You are fortunate that the weather was good.
(d) She was surprised that he proposed.
 certain expressions:
 be + adjective OR + that-clause
 be + past participle
 29 14-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
CORRECT or INCORRECT ?
I think that you should ask the teacher.
 31 14-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT or INCORRECT ?
I think you should ask that the teacher.
 33 14-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT or INCORRECT ?
It is true the Euro is the currency of the EU.
 35 14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN
 CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
Do you think this 
 is a good 
 solution? I think so.
 37 14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN
 CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(b) Do you think you 
can learn this new 
dance? I believe so.
 so = that I can 
 learn the dance
 39 14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN
 CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(c) Do you really think 
you can learn this 
new dance? I hope so.
 INCORRECT:
 I hope so that you can learn it.
 41 14-6 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN
 CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(e) Do you I hope 
think Jay will not.
get fired? 
 negative hope hope not
 43 14-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
 restate using
I wonder if the 
 a that-clause
tourists will leave 
soon. I hope so.
 I hope ________that the
 tourists______________ will leave 
 soon.______________
 45 14-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
Do you think restate using
we will be in a that-clause
this line all day? I hope not.
 I hope ________that we 
 I hope not. won’t______________ be in this
 line______________ all day.
 47 14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(a) SPEAKERS’ EXACT WORDS
 I think this a 
 good I agree.
 solution.
 49 14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(c) HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS
 1. Add a comma after said.
 Jill said,
 2. Add quotation marks.
 Jill said,“
 3. Capitalize the first word of the quotation.
 Jill said, “ Llet’s et’s
 4. Write the quotation. Add a final period.
 Jill said, “Let’s start working .
 5. Add quotation marks after the period.“
 Jill said, “Let’s start working. 51 14-7 QUOTED SPEECH
(f) “I would like to go,” said Joshua.
 end of quoted sentence ,
(g) “Are you ready to go?” said Andrea.
 end of quoted question ?
 53 14-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
CORRECT or INCORRECT ?
“Will you do that ?” ,” she asked.
 55 14-8 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
 He said, “This is serious.”
 She said, “I hope not.”
 57 14-8 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH:
(c) Laurette said (that) she wants to watch
 a movie.
(d) LeRoy said (that) he would rather watch
 sports.
 Reported basic idea of 
 speech = the speaker’s 
 words 
 59 14-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 QUOTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said, “We should study together.”
 REPORTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said ____that we should _____study together. 
 61 14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED: REPORTED:
 “I’m angry.” Ben said he 
 was angry.
 63 14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
 She said 
 she is 
I’m shocked. (e) What did 
 shocked.
 Janel say? 
 Janel
 65 14-9 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
(f) What did Janel tell you when you saw her 
 last night?
 REPORTED: Janel said she was shocked.
 LATER REPORTING
 reporting verb noun clause verb
 in past in past
 67 14-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
QUOTED SPEECH: “We love being together.”
REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting): 
They said _____________________they loved being together.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting):
They said _____________________they love being together.
 69 14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK,
 ANSWER/REPLY
 These plans tell 
 us that we still 
have a lot of work 
 to do.
 71 14-10 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK,
 ANSWER/REPLY
(b) Junko told me that she was shocked.
(c) Junko told Amy that she was shocked.
 tell = reporting verb
 tell + object + noun clause 
 INCORRECT: Junko told that she was shocked.
 INCORRECT: Junko said me that she was 
 shocked.
 73