Bài giảng Chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chủ đề: Gerunds and infinitives

 CONTENTS
13-1 Verb + gerund
13-2 Go + -ing
13-3 Verb + infinitive
13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive
13-5 Preposition + gerund
13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done
13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive
13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone)
13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for
13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough
 1 13-1 VERB + GERUND
 verb gerund
(a) I like be ing with you.
 • -ing form of a verb
 gerund • used as a noun
 • object of the verb
 3 13-1 VERB + GERUND
 (e) I wish they would 
 quit arguing.
 5 13-1 VERB + GERUND
(g) I usually postpone doing my taxes until the
 last minute.
 (h) Many people put off doing their taxes until 
 the last minute.
 7 13-1 VERB + GERUND
(j) They are considering breaking up.
(k) They are thinking about breaking up.
 9 13-1 VERB + GERUND
(n) She is considering not going to work today.
 not + gerund = negative form
 11 13-1 LET’S PRACTICE 
Do you want to _________talk about
 _______buying a new house?
 talk about
 buy
 13 13-2 GO + -ING
 It’s a beautiful day. 
 Let’s go canoeing.
 15 13-2 GO + -ING
(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?
(b) We went camping on the beach.
 17 13-2 GO + -ING
(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?
(b) We went camping on the beach.
(c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.
 go + gerund
 certain expressions about activities
 INCORRECT: I like to go to dancing.
 19 13-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
My parents love to ___go ________.dancing
 go
 dance
 21 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
 (a) I hope to graduate 
 this year.
 23 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
(a) I hope to graduate this year
(b) He intends to study hard this year.
(c) She decided not to attend medical school.
 negative = not + infinitive
 25 13-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
I _____would _____love _____to _____go on a cruise, 
but I can’t afford it.
 would love
 go
 27 13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE
 I love to go 
 fishing with 
 my dad.
 29 13-4 LET’S PRACTICE 
 hate
 wait
I _____hate ___ to _____ wait in line.
I _____hate _______waiting in line.
 31 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
 She is nervous about 
 testifying at the trial.
 33 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
(a) Some people are afraid of driving.
(b) Alex is responsible for leading our team 
project.
 35 13-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
Angie is good ___at (teach) ________teaching math.
 37 13-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
They are excited ______about (start) _______starting 
their new project.
 39 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW
 SOMETHING IS DONE
(a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the 
 number of minutes and pressing the ON button.
 41 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW
 SOMETHING IS DONE
(b) I love travelling by train.
 43 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW
 SOMETHING IS DONE
(b) I love travelling by train.
(c) Many people eat with chopsticks.
 by
 how something
 OR + noun
 with is done
 45 13-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
Most students don’t write their 
reports _____by hand anymore. by
 with
 47 13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT +
 INFINITIVE
 Riding a motorcycle 
 can be exciting.
 49 13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT +
 INFINITIVE
(c) Visiting other countries is fun.
 gerund subject
 a gerund is singular verb is singular
(d) It is fun to visit other countries.
 it subject
 it to visit other countries
 51 13-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
Gerund as subject
 It can be helpful to study with a friend.
 Studying_____________________________. with a friend can be helpful
 53 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
 It is a good idea for 
everyone to get a flu shot.
 55 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(a) You should get a flu shot.
(b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot.
(c) He should be careful.
(d) It is important for him to be careful.
 it is + adjective + for (someone) + infinitive 
 phrase
 57 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(e) We don’t have to go to work today.
(f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.
(g) A dog can’t drive a car.
(h) It is impossible for a dog to drive a car.
 59 13-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 In some cultures, brides wear red.
In some cultures, it is appropriate 
___________________.for brides to wear red
 61 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND
 FOR
I am going to college in order to 
 get a good education.
 63 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND
 FOR
(d) I am going to college for an education.
 for purpose
 preposition noun
 65 13-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT OR INCORRECT ?
I went to the ATM in order to withdraw money.
 67 13-9 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT OR INCORRECT ?
I went to the ATM for withdrawing money.
 69 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
 TOO + ADJECTIVE + (FOR SOMEONE) + INFINITIVE
(a) Hang gliding is too scary to try.
(b) Hang gliding is too scary for me to try.
(c) Hang gliding is too scary for Sue to try.
 71 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
COMPARE
 Hang gliding is too scary. I can’t do it.
 Flying is very scary, but I can do it.
 73 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
 ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE
 (f) I’m not strong
 enough to mop 
 the floor.
(g) Are you strong enough to do it?
 75 13-10 LET’S PRACTICE 
These shoes are too small for me.
These shoes aren’t ________________.big enough for me
 77 PHOTO CREDITS
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 its licensors. All rights reserved.
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• Clipart, Inc.
 79