Bài giảng Chuyên đề ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Chủ đề: Count and Noncount nouns, Articles

 CONTENTS
11-1 A vs. an
11-2 Count and noncount nouns
11-3 Noncount nouns
11-4 More noncount nouns
11-5 Using several, a lot of, many/much, and ...
11-6 Nouns that be count or noncount
11-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns
11-8 Guidelines for article usage
11-9 Using the or Ø with names
11-10 Capitalization
 1 11-1 A vs. AN
(a) She lives in a cabin.
(b) He lives in an apartment.
(c) She lives in a large cabin.
(d) He lives in an old apartment.
a consonants a
 = “one”
an vowels an
 3 11-1 A vs. AN
(i) I will see you in an hour.
(j) This is a happy day.
 For words beginning with the letter h:
 a pronounced “h”
 an silent “h”
 5 11-1 LET’S PRACTICE 
 a
 ___A holiday. an
 ___A universal holiday.
 ___A unique holiday.
 ___An unhappy situation.
 7 11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
Should we Yes. Let’s 
 buy some buy a table
furniture? and four 
 chairs.
 9 11-2 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS
NONCOUNT NOUN
 one furniture
SINGULAR PLURAL
Ø furniture Ø a furniture
some furniture Ø
 furnitures
 cannot be counted
 is not preceded by a/an
 does not have a plural form
 11 11-2 LET’S PRACTICE 
 NOUN?
 I need some new jewelry.
 ?
 count noncount
 13 11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
 The river is so beautiful.
All the scenery is beautiful.
 15 11-3 NONCOUNT NOUNS
 INDIVIDUAL PARTS = THE WHOLE
 (Count Nouns) (Noncount Nouns) 
(b)
 grapes
 bananas
 apples fruit
 oranges
 etc.
 17 11-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 -s
We have really old furniture__./
 -es
 / 
 19 11-3 LET’S PRACTICE 
 -s
I keep all the information__/ on 
 -es
my PDA.
 / 
 21 11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
 soda juice oil lemonade
 23 11-4 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
(a) LIQUIDS
 soda juice oil lemonade
 SOLIDS & SEMI-SOLIDS
 copper cement silver gold
 GASES
 helium smoke oxygen
 25 11-4 LET’S PRACTICE 
 -s
 -es
 / 
Health __/ and happiness __/ often go 
together.
 27 11-4 LET’S PRACTICE 
 -s
 -es
 / 
The project is going well. 
We have made a lot of progress __./
Having patience __/ has paid off.
 29 11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND 
 A FEW / A LITTLE
 COUNT NONCOUNT
(a) several apples Ø
 several count nouns
 31 11-5 USING SEVERAL, A LOT OF, MANY / MUCH, AND 
 A FEW / A LITTLE
 COUNT NONCOUNT
(a) several apples Ø
(b) a lot of apples a lot of fruit
(c) many apples much fruit
 many count
 much noncount
 33 11-5 LET’S PRACTICE 
 CORRECT
 INCORRECT
I hope to get several jewelries for my birthday.
 INCORRECT
I hope to get some jewelry for my birthday.
 CORRECT
 35 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
He did a lot of work today.
 37 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
(d) Jenn has blue hair ! 
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
(e) There is a hair in your food!
 39 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
 (h) That bulb produces a lot of light.
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
 (i) Please turn on the light.
 41 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
 (m) This homework is taking so much time. 
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
 (n) She’s been sick many
 times.
 43 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
 (q) Brazil produces a lot of 
 coffee. 
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
 (r) I’d like a coffee with cream. 
 45 11-6 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT
USED AS A NONCOUNT NOUN
 (u) I have experience 
 writing software. 
USED AS A COUNT NOUN
 (v) There are many experiences to enjoy 
 when traveling.
 47 11-6 LET’S PRACTICE 
 a
 /
I like to get my hair __/ cut once a month.
 49 11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT
 NOUNS
She has a bowl of 
cereal, a glass of 
milk, and a piece 
 of fruit for 
 breakfast.
 51 11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT
 NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
 53 11-7 USING UNITS OF MEASURE WITH NONCOUNT
 NOUNS
(a) He put some oil on the salad.
(b) He had three drops of oil on his salad.
(c) He eats some toast with fruit every day.
(d) He had two pieces of toast with berries.
 55 11-7 LET’S PRACTICE 
 bag
I have a _________container of spaghetti. bottle
 container
 57 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
 Please tell me a story. 
 You tell the best stories.
 59 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
 61 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS: A/an
(a) A computer is helpful for homework.
(b) An orange is round.
(c) A tornado can be dangerous.
 63 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.
 65 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Ø
(d) Ø Computers are helpful for homework.
(e) Ø Oranges are round.
(f) Ø Tornadoes can be dangerous.
 Generalizations:
 plural count no article 
 noun (Ø)
 67 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
 TO TALK ABOUT NON-SPECIFIC 
 PERSON(S) OR THINGS(S)
 69 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: Some
(m) We have some computers at school.
(n) I brought some oranges for dessert.
(o) There were some tornadoes last week.
 some + plural things
 count noun (not specific)
 71 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
 THE SPEAKER AND THE 
LISTENER ARE THINKING ABOUT 
THE SAME SPECIFIC PERSON(S) 
 OR THING(S)
 73 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
PLURAL COUNT NOUNS: THE
(y) The computers were expensive. 
(z) I enjoyed the oranges you gave me.
(aa) The tornadoes that hit Mexico were awful.
(bb) The moons of Saturn are beautiful.
 specific person(s)
 the + noun
 or thing(s)
 75 11-8 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE
NONCOUNT NOUNS: THE
(cc) The mail came early today.
(dd) The fruit wasn’t ripe yet.
(ee) The love of a mother is very strong.
(ff) The smog is bad this year.
 the + something 
 noncount 
 specific
 noun
 77 11-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
 a
 an
 the
No, but I 
have ___a 
recipe 
from a 
magazine.
 79 11-8 LET’S PRACTICE 
a
an
the
 I do have ___an 
 extra special 
 spaghetti 
 recipe that 
 you might 
 like.
 81 11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(a) Ø Ms. Albert is on the phone.
 She is waiting to speak to Ø Dr. Simmons.
 83 11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia.
 85 11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(b) I taught English in Ø Asia.
 Ø Australia is a large island.
 Over 20% of the earth’s land is in Ø Africa.
 87 11-9 USING THE OR Ø WITH NAMES
(c) Madrid is the capital of Ø Spain.
 Ø Chile has some beautiful mountains.
 Ø Madagascar is a small country.
 The names of most countries.
 (d) The Dominican Republic is a small country.
 There are windmills in the Netherlands.
 The United States has 50 states.
 The a few countries.
 89